kappa
Symbol for kappa, the tenth letter in the Greek alphabet.



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K K
1. Symbol for potassium; kalium; phylloquinone; kelvin; lysine. 2. In optics, the coefficient of scleral rigidity. 3. In contact lens fitting, the radius of curvature of the flattest meridian of the apical cornea.



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40K 40K
Symbol for potassium-40.



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42K 42K
Symbol for potassium-42.



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43K 43K
Symbol for potassium-43.



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K K
Symbol for dissociation constant. See Kd.



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Ka Ka
Symbol for dissociation constant of an acid; association constant (2) (often used with gases).



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Kb Kb
Symbol for dissociation constant of a base.



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Kd Kd
Symbol for dissociation constant.



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Keq Keq
Symbol for equilibrium constant.



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Ki Ki
Symbol for the dissociation constant of an inhibitor; in enzyme kinetics, Kii reflects the values of Ki that affect the intercept of a double-reciprocal plot while Kis reflects the values of Ki that affect the slope of the same plot.



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Km Km
Symbol for Michaelis constant; Michaelis-Menten constant.



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Kw Kw
Symbol for dissociation constant of water.



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k k
Symbol for kilo-.



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k k
Symbol for rate constants, under constant or velocity constants, under constant.



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kcat kcat
The overall catalytic rate of an enzyme; symbol for turnover number; Vmax divided by the total enzyme concentration.



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Ka Ka
Abbreviation for kathode or kathodal.



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kabure kabure (kah-bu´re)
schistosomiasis japonica



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Kaes Kaes
Theodor, German neurologist, 1852-1913. See line of K.; band of K.-Bechterew.



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kafindo kafindo (ka-fin´do)
onyalai



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kainic acid kainic acid (ka´in-ik)
2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid;a glutamate analog that exhibits powerful and long-acting excitatory and toxic activity on neurons; used as a research tool in neurobiology to destroy neurons and as an activator of glutamate receptors. Has been used as an anthelmintic against nematodes.



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kairomones kairomones (kI´ro-mon)
A flower scent used to attract or repel other species. Cf. pheromones, allomones.



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Kaiserling Kaiserling
Karl, German pathologist, 1869-1942. See K.'s fixative.



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kak- kak- , kako-
See caco-.



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kakké kakké (kahk´ka)
beriberi [Jap.]



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kal- kal- , kali-
Potassium; sometimes improperly written as kalio-. [L. kalium, potassium]



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kala azar kala azar (kah´lah ah-zahr´)
visceral leishmaniasis [Hind. kala, black, + azar, poison]



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kalemia kalemia (ka-le´me-a)
The presence of potassium in the blood.



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kaliopenia kaliopenia (ka´le-o-pe´ne-a)
Insufficiency of potassium in the body. [Mod. L. kalium, potassium, + G. penia, poverty]



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kaliopenic kaliopenic (ka´le-o-pe´nik)
Relating to kaliopenia.



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Kalischer Kalischer
Siegfried, German physician, *1862. See Sturge-K.-Weber syndrome.



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kalium (K) kalium (K) (ka´le-um)
potassium [Mod. L. fr. Ar. quali, potash]



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kaliuresis kaliuresis (ka´le-yu-re´sis)
kaluresis



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kaliuretic kaliuretic (ka´le-yu-ret´ik)
kaluretic



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kallak kallak (kah-lak´)
A pustular dermatitis observed among Eskimos. [Eskimo word meaning skin disease]



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kallidin kallidin (kal´i-din)
Bradykinin with a lysyl group attached to the amino terminus; this group can be removed by an aminopeptidase in the blood to yield bradykinin; a decapeptide vasodilator.bradykininogen, k. 10, k. II, lysyl-bradykinin;
k. 9 bradykinin
k. 10 kallidin
k. I bradykinin
k. II kallidin



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Kallikak Kallikak (kal´I-kak)
The pseudonym for a celebrated family with two lines of descendants, one of respectable citizens, the other of social misfits and criminals. See also Jukes.



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kallikrein kallikrein (kal-i-kre´in)
A group of enzymes (e.g., plasma, tissue, pancreatic, urinary, submandibular k.) that can convert kininogen by proteolysis to bradykinin or kallidin; trypsin and plasmin can also effect the conversion; plasma k. activates the Hageman factor and acts on kininogen.kininogenase, kininogenin;



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Kallmann Kallmann
Franz Josef, U.S. medical geneticist and psychiatrist, 1897-1965. See K.'s syndrome.



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kaluresis kaluresis (kal-yu-re´sis)
The increased urinary excretion of potassium.kaliuresis; [Mod. L. kalium, potassium, + G. ouresis, urination]



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kaluretic kaluretic (kal-yu-ret´ik)
Relating to, causing, or characterized by kaluresis.kaliuretic;



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kanamycin sulfate kanamycin sulfate (kan-a-mI´sin)
An aminoglycoside antibiotic substance derived from strains of Streptomyces kanamycetius; a thermostable, water-soluble, polybasic substance consisting of two amino sugars glycosidally linked to deoxystreptamine. The antibacterial activity in vitro is nearly identical with that of neomycin and is active against many aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Aerobacter, Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Neisseria, Shigella, and Salmonella). Excessive doses and prolonged administration may result in irreversible damage to the auditory portion and/or vesitibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve.



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Kandori Kandori
Fumio, Japanese ophthalmologist, *1904. See fleck retina of Kandori.



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Kanner Kanner
Leo, Austrian psychiatrist in U.S., *1894. See K.'s syndrome.



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kanyemba kanyemba (kan-yem´ba)
chiufa



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kaodzera kaodzera (kah´od-ze´ra)
A disease prevalent in Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia), similar to sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma rhodesiense. See also Rhodesian trypanosomiasis.



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kaolin kaolin (ka´o-lin)
when powdered and freed from gritty particles by elutriation, k. is used as a demulcent and adsorbent; in dentistry, it is used to add toughness and opacity to porcelain teeth.aluminum silicate; [Ch. kao lin, High Ridge, name of a locality in China where the substance is found in abundance]



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kaolinosis kaolinosis (ka´o-lin-o´sis)
Pneumonoconiosis caused by the inhalation of clay dust.



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Kaposi Kaposi
Moritz, (born Moritz Kohn), Hungarian dermatologist in Austria, 1837-1902. See K.'s varicelliform eruption, sarcoma.



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kappa (kappa) kappa (kappa) (kap´a)
1. The tenth letter in the Greek alphabet. 2. In chemistry, denotes the position of a substituent located on the tenth atom from the carboxyl or other functional group. 3. A measure of the degree of nonrandom agreement between observers or measurements of the same categorical variable.



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kappacism kappacism (kap´a-sizm)
Faulty pronunciation of the "k" sound. [G. kappa, the letter kappa]



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Karman cannula Karman cannula
See under cannula.



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Karmen Karmen
Albert, U.S. internist and clinical pathologist, *1930. See K. unit.



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Karnofsky Karnofsky
D.A., 20th century U.S. physician. See K. scale.



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Kartagener Kartagener
Manes, Swiss physician, 1897-1975. See K.'s syndrome, triad.



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karyo- karyo-
Nucleus. Cf. nucleo-. [G. karyon, nucleus]



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karyochrome karyochrome (kar´e-o-krom)
A nerve cell body having little or no Nissl substance visible but a nucleus that stains intensely. [karyo- + G. chroma, color]



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karyoclasis karyoclasis (kar-e-ok´la-sis)
karyorrhexis [karyo- + G. klasis, a breaking]



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karyocyte karyocyte (kar´e-o-sIt)
A young, immature normoblast. [karyo- + G. kytos, cell]



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karyogamic karyogamic (kar-e-o-gam´ik)
Relating to or marked by karyogamy.



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karyogamy karyogamy (kar-e-og´a-me)
Fusion of the nuclei of two cells, as occurs in fertilization or true conjugation. [karyo- + G. gamos, marriage]



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karyogenesis karyogenesis (kar-e-o-jen´e-sis)
Formation of the nucleus of a cell. [karyo- + G. genesis, production]



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karyogenic karyogenic (kar-e-o-jen´ik)
Relating to karyogenesis; forming the nucleus.



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karyogonad karyogonad (kar´e-o-go´nad)
micronucleus (2) [karyo- + G. gone, generation, descent]



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karyogram karyogram (kar´e-o-gram)
karyotype



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karyology karyology (kar´e-ol´o-je)
The branch of cytology that deals with the study of the cell nucleus, its organelles, structures, and functions. [karyo + -logy]



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karyolymph karyolymph (kar´e-o-limf)
The presumably fluid substance or gel of the nucleus in which stainable elements were believed to be suspended; much that was formerly considered to be k. is now known to be euchromatin.nuclear hyaloplasm, nuclear sap, nucleochylema, nucleochyme; [karyo- + L. lympha, clear water]



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karyolysis karyolysis (kar-e-ol´i-sis)
Apparent destruction of the nucleus of a cell by swelling and the loss of affinity of its chromatin for basic dyes. [karyo- + G. lysis, dissolution]



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karyolytic karyolytic (kar´e-o-lit´ik)
Relating to karyolysis.



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karyomere karyomere (kar´e-o-mer´)
A vesicle containing only a small part of the typical nucleus, usually following an abnormal mitosis. [karyo- + G. meros, part]



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karyomicrosome karyomicrosome (kar-e-o-mI´kro-som)
One of the minute particles or granules making up the substance of the cell nucleus.nucleomicrosome; [karyo- + G. mikros, small, + soma, body]



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karyomitome karyomitome (kar´-e-om-I-tom)
The nuclear chromatin network. [karyo- + mitosis + -ome]



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karyomorphism karyomorphism (kar´e-o-mor´fizm)
1. Development of the nucleus of a cell. 2. Denoting the nuclear shapes of cells, especially leukocytes. [karyo- + G. morphe, form]



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karyon karyon (kar´e-on)
nucleus (1) [G. karyon, a nut, kernel]



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karyophage karyophage (kar´e-o-faj)
An intracellular parasite that feeds on the host nucleus. [karyo- + G. phago, to devour]



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karyoplasm karyoplasm (kar´e-o-plazm)
Rarely used term for nucleoplasm.



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karyoplasmolysis karyoplasmolysis (kar´e-o-plaz-mol´i-sis)
achromatolysis



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karyoplast karyoplast (kar´e-o-plast)
A cell nucleus surrounded by a narrow band of cytoplasm and a plasma membrane. [karyo- + G. plastos, formed]



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karyoplastin karyoplastin (kar´e-o-plas´tin)
The achromatic nuclear material that forms the spindle apparatus.



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karyopyknosis karyopyknosis (kar´e-o-pik-no´sis)
Cytologic characteristics of the superficial or cornified cells of stratified squamous epithelium in which there is shrinkage of the nuclei and condensation of the chromatin into structureless masses. [karyo- + G. pyknos, thick, crowded, + -osis, condition]



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karyopyknotic karyopyknotic (kar´e-o-pik-not´ik)
Pertaining to or causing karyopyknosis.



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karyorrhexis karyorrhexis (kar-e-o-rak´sis)
Fragmentation of the nucleus whereby its chromatin is distributed irregularly throughout the cytoplasm; a stage of necrosis usually followed by karyolysis.karyoclasis; [karyo- + G. rhexis, rupture]



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karyosome karyosome (kar´e-o-som)
A mass of chromatin often found in the interphase cell nucleus representing a more condensed zone of chromatin filaments.chromatin nucleolus, chromocenter, false nucleolus, net knot; [karyo- + G. soma, body]



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karyostasis karyostasis (kar-e-os´ta-sis)
interphase [karyo- + G. stasis, a standing still]



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karyotheca karyotheca (kar´e-o-the´ka)
nuclear envelope [karyo- + G. theke, box, sheath]



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karyotype karyotype (kar´e-o-tIp)
The chromosome characteristics of an individual cell or of a cell line, usually presented as a systematized array of metaphase chromosomes from a photomicrograph of a single cell nucleus arranged in pairs in descending order of size and according to the position of the centromere.idiogram (1), karyogram; [karyo- + G. typos, model]



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karyozoic karyozoic (kar´e-o-zo´ik)
Denoting a parasite inhabiting the cell nucleus of its host. [karyo- + G. zoon, animal]



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Kasabach Kasabach
Haig H., U.S. physician, 1898-1943. See K.-Merritt syndrome.



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Kasai Kasai
Morio, 20th century Japanese surgeon. See K. operation.



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kasai kasai (ka-sI´)
A form of anemia occurring in natives of Zaire (formerly the Belgian Congo), with associated edema of subcutaneous tissues, depigmented regions in the skin, and various gastrointestinal disturbances; thought to result from deficiencies in nutrition.Belgian Congo anemia;



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Kashin Kashin
Nikolai I., Russian orthopedist, 1825-1872. See K.-Bek disease.



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Kasten Kasten
Frederick H., U.S. histochemist and cell biologist, *1927. See K.'s fluorescent Schiff reagents, under reagent, fluorescent Feulgen stain, fluorescent PAS stain.



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kat kat
Abbreviation for katal.



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kata- kata-
Alternative spelling for cata-; down. [G. kata, down]



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katal (kat) katal (kat) (kat´al)
Unit of catalytic activity equal to one mole of product formed (or substrate consumed) per second, as of the amount of enzyme that catalyzes transformation of one mole of substrate per second.



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katathermometer katathermometer (kat´a-ther-mom´e-ter)
An alcohol-filled thermometer of specified design that is heated above ambient temperature and then allowed to cool; the time taken to cool between specified temperatures is a measure of the heat content of the environment that takes into account air movement as well as temperature. The bulb may be silvered to minimize radiation effects or blackened to maximize them.



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Katayama Katayama
Kunika, Japanese physician, 1856-1931. See K.'s test.



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kathodal (Ka) kathodal (Ka) , kathode (kath´o-dal, kath´od)
Obsolete spelling of cathodal, cathode.



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kation kation (kat´I-on)
Obsolete spelling of cation.



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Katz Katz
Sir Bernard, German-British neurophysiologist and Nobel laureate, *1911. See Goldman-Hodgkin-K. equation.



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kava kava (kah´vah)
1. methysticum 2. yaqona [Tongan and Marquesan, Litter]



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Kawasaki Kawasaki
Tomisaku, 20th century Japanese pediatrician. See K.'s disease, syndrome.



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Kay Kay
Herbert D., British biochemist, *1893. See Jenner-K. unit.



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Kayser Kayser
Bernhard, German physician, 1869-1954. See K.-Fleischer ring.



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Kazanjian Kazanjian
Varaztad H., Armenian otorhinolaryngologist in the U.S., 1879-1974. See K.'s operation.



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kb kb
Abbreviation for kilobase.



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K blood group K blood group , k blood group
See Kell blood group, Blood Groups appendix.



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kc kc
Abbreviation for kilocycle.



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kcal kcal
Abbreviation for kilogram calorie; kilocalorie.



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Kearns Kearns
Thomas P., U.S. ophthalmologist, *1922. See K.-Sayre syndrome.



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Keating-Hart Keating-Hart
Walter V., French physician, 1870-1922. See Keating-Hart's method.



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ked ked
Melophagus ovinus



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keel keel (kel)
Paratyphoid or salmonellosis of ducklings.



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Keen Keen
William W., U.S. surgeon, 1837-1932. See K.'s operation, sign.



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Kegel Kegel
A.H., 20th century U.S. gynecologist. See K.'s exercises, under exercise.



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Kehr Kehr
Hans, German surgeon, 1862-1916. See K.'s sign.



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keirospasm keirospasm (kI´ro-spazm)
shaving cramp [G. keiro, to shear]



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Keith Keith
Sir Arthur, Scottish anatomist, 1866-1955. See K.'s bundle, node; K. and Flack node.



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kelectome kelectome (ke´lek-tom)
An instrument used, like the harpoon, to remove a specimen of tumor substance for examination. [G. kele, tumor, + ektome, excision]



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Kell blood group Kell blood group
See Blood Groups appendix.



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Keller Keller
William Lordan, U.S. surgeon, 1874-1959. See K. bunionectomy.



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Kellie Kellie
George, 18th century Scottish anatomist. See Monro-K. doctrine.



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Kelly Kelly
Howard A., U.S. gynecologist, 1858-1943. See K. clamp; K.'s operation, rectal speculum.



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Kelly Kelly
Adam B., British otolaryngologist, 1865-1941. See Paterson-K. syndrome; Paterson-Brown-K. syndrome.



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keloid keloid (ke´loyd)
A nodular, firm, movable, nonencapsulated, often linear mass of hyperplastic scar tissue, tender and frequently painful, consisting of wide irregularly distributed bands of collagen; occurs in the dermis and adjacent subcutaneous tissue, usually after trauma, surgery, a burn, or severe cutaneous disease such as cystic acne, and is more common in blacks.cheloid; [G. kele, a tumor (or kelis, a spot), + eidos, appearance]
acne k. a chronic eruption of fibrous papules which develop at the site of follicular lesions, usually on the back of the neck at the hairline.dermatitis papillaris capillitii, folliculitis keloidalis, sycosis frambesiformis;



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keloidosis keloidosis (ke´loy-do´sis)
Multiple keloids.



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keloplasty keloplasty (ke´lo-plas-te)
Operative removal of a scar or keloid. [keloid + G. plastos, formed]



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kelosomia kelosomia (ke-lo-so´me-a)
celosomia



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Kelvin Kelvin
Lord William Thomson, Scottish physicist, 1824-1907. See kelvin; K. scale.



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kelvin (K) kelvin (K)
A unit of thermodynamic temperature equal to 1 / 273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. See Kelvin scale. [Lord Kelvin]



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Kendall Kendall
See Abell-Kendall method.



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Kennedy Kennedy
Edward, U.S. dentist, *1883. See K. classification.



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Kennedy Kennedy
Robert Foster, U.S. neurologist, 1884-1952. See K.'s syndrome; Foster K. syndrome.



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Kennedy Kennedy
William, U.S. neurologist. See Kennedy's disease.



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Kenny Kenny
Elizabeth, Australian nurse, 1886-1952. See K.'s treatment.



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keno- keno-
See ceno- (3). [G. kenos, empty]



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Kent Kent
Albert F.S., English physiologist, 1863-1958. See K.'s bundle; K.-His bundle.



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kephalin kephalin (kef´a-lin)
cephalin



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kepone kepone (ke-pon´)
An insecticide consisting of a cage structure; neurotoxic chemical.



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Kerandel Kerandel
Jean F., French physician, 1873-1934. See K.'s symptom.



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keraphyllocele keraphyllocele (ker-a-fil´o-sel)
A horny tumor on the internal face of the wall of a horse's foot. [G. keras, horn, + phyllon, leaf, + kele, hernia, tumor]



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kerasin kerasin (ker´a-sin)
Obsolete term for glucocerebroside.cerasin;



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kerat- kerat-
See kerato-.



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keratan sulfate keratan sulfate (ker´a-tan)
A type of sulfated mucopolysaccharide containing d-galactose in place of the uronic acid of hyaluronic acid or chondroitin; also containing unsulfated and 6-sulfated N-acetyl-d-glucosamine; found in cartilage, bone, connective tissue, the cornea, aorta, and in the intervertebral discs; accumulates in Morquio syndrome; k.s. I is abundant in cornea and is attached to a protein via an asparaginyl residue; k.s. II is found in loose connective tissue and is linked to a seryl or threonyl residue.keratosulfate;



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keratectasia keratectasia (ker-a-tek-ta´ze-a)
keratoectasia [kerato- + G. ektasis, extrusion]



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keratectomy keratectomy (ker-a-tek´to-me)
An operation done to change the refraction of the cornea; a crescentic piece of corneal stroma is removed and the resultant corneal wound is sutured. This steepens the cornea and increases its power in that axis. [kerato- + G. ektome, excision]
photorefractive k. removal of part of the cornea with a laser to change its shape, and thus to modify the refractive error of the eye (reduce its myopia, for example).



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keratein keratein (ker´a-te-in)
The easily digested reduction product of keratin, in which the disulfide links are reduced to SH groups, the individual peptide chains being separated.



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keratiasis keratiasis (ker-a-tI´a-sis)
keratosis



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keratic keratic (ke-rat´ik)
horny [G. keras (kerat-), horn]



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keratin keratin (ker´a-tin)
A scleroprotein or albuminoid present largely in cuticular structures (e.g., hair, nails, horns); it contains a relatively large amount of sulfur, is insoluble in the gastric juices, and is sometimes used for coating enteric pills that are intended to be dissolved only in the intestine. There are at least eleven k.'s. a-Keratin has a folded configuration; beta-keratin has an extended configuration.ceratin; [G. keras (kerat-), horn, + -in]



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keratinases keratinases (ker´a-tin-as-ez)
Hydrolases catalyzing the hydrolysis of keratin; each having slightly different specificities.



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keratinization keratinization (ker´a-tin-i-za´shun)
Keratin formation or development of a horny layer; may also apply to premature formation of keratin.cornification, hornification;



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keratinized keratinized (ker´a-ti-nIzd)
Having become horny.cornified;



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keratinocyte keratinocyte (ke-rat´i-no-sIt)
A cell of the living epidermis and certain oral epithelium that produces keratin in the process of differentiating into the dead and fully keratinized cells of the stratum corneum.



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keratinophilic keratinophilic (ke-rat´i-no-fil´ik)
Denoting fungi that use keratin as a substrata, e.g., dermatophytes. [keratin + Gr. philos, love, attraction, + -ic]



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keratinosome keratinosome (ke-rat´i-no-som)
A membrane-bound granule, 100 to 500 nm in diameter, located in the upper layers of the stratum spinosum of certain stratified squamous epithelia.lamellar granule, membrane-coating granule, Odland body;



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keratinous keratinous (ke-rat´i-nus)
1. Relating to keratin. 2. horny



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keratitis keratitis (ker-a-tI´tis)
Inflammation of the cornea. See also keratopathy. [kerato- + G. -itis, inflammation]
actinic k. a reaction of the cornea to ultraviolet light.
deep punctate k. sharply defined opacities in an otherwise clear cornea, occurring in syphilitic iritis.
dendriform k. , dendritic k. a form of herpetic k.
diffuse deep k. k. profunda
Dimmer's k. k. nummularis
disciform k. large disk-shaped infiltration of the central or paracentral corneal stroma. This lesion is deep and nonsuppurative and is seen in virus infections, particularly herpetic.k. disciformis;
k. discifor´mis disciform k
exposure k. inflammation of the cornea resulting from irritation caused by inability to close the eyelids.lagophthalmic k;
fascicular k. a phlyctenular k. followed by the formation of a band or fascicle of blood vessels extending from the margin toward the center.
filamentary k. a condition characterized by the formation of epithelial filaments of varying size and length on the corneal surface.k. filamentosa;
k. filamento´sa filamentary k
geographic k. k. with coalescence of superficial lesions in herpes keratitis.
herpetic k. inflammation of the cornea (or cornea and conjunctiva) due to herpes simplex virus.herpes corneae, herpetic keratoconjunctivitis;
infectious bovine k. a highly contagious keratoconjunctivitis that occurs in range or pastured cattle during the summer months, is transmitted most commonly by contact with infectious discharges, and is caused by Moraxella bovis.
interstitial k. an inflammation of the corneal stroma, often with neovascularization.
lagophthalmic k. exposure k
k. linea´ris mi´grans a deep, linear corneal opacity stretching from limbus to limbus; associated with congenital syphilis.
marginal k. a corneal inflammation at the limbus.
metaherpetic k. a postinfectious corneal inflammation in herpetic k. leading to epithelial erosion; not due to virus replication.
mycotic k. an infection of the cornea of the eye caused by a fungus.
neuroparalytic k. neurotrophic k
neurotrophic k. inflammation of the cornea after corneal anesthesia.neuroparalytic k;
k. nummula´ris coin-shaped or round, discrete, grayish areas 0.5 to 1.5 mm in diameter scattered throughout the various layers of the cornea.Dimmer's k;
phlyctenular k. an inflammation of the corneal conjunctiva with the formation of small red nodules of lymphoid tissue (phlyctenulae) near the corneoscleral limbus.scrofulous k;
pneumococcal/suppurative k. serpiginous k
polymorphic superficial k. epithelial degeneration occurring in starvation.
k. profun´da an inflammation of the posterior corneal stroma.diffuse deep k;
punctate k. , k. puncta´ta keratic precipitates, under precipitate
sclerosing k. inflammation of the cornea complicating scleritis; characterized by opacification of the corneal stroma.
scrofulous k. phlyctenular k
serpiginous k. a severe, creeping, central, suppurative ulcer often due to pneumococci.pneumococcal/suppurative k., serpent ulcer of cornea;
k. sic´ca keratoconjunctivitis sicca
superficial linear k. spontaneous, painful k. with epithelial erosion and folds in Bowman's membrane.
superficial punctate k. epithelial punctate k. associated with viral conjunctivitis.Thygeson's disease;
trachomatous k. See pannus, corneal pannus.
vascular k. superficial cellular infiltration of the cornea and neovascularization between Bowman's membrane and the epithelium.
vesicular k. k. with coalescence of areas of epithelial corneal edema.
xerotic k. keratomalacia



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kerato- kerato- , kerat-
1. The cornea. 2. Horny tissue or cells. See also cerat-, cerato-. [G. keras, horn]



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keratoacanthoma keratoacanthoma (ker´a-to-ak´an-tho´ma)
A rapidly growing tumor which may be umbilicated, usually occurring on exposed areas of the skin, which invades the dermis but remains localized and usually resolves spontaneously if untreated; microscopically, the nodule is composed of well-differentiated squamous epithelium with a central keratin mass that opens on the skin surface. [kerato- + G. akantha, thorn, +-oma, tumor]



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keratoangioma keratoangioma (ker´a-to-an-je-o´ma)
angiokeratoma



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keratoatrophoderma keratoatrophoderma (ker´a-to-at´ro-fo-der´ma)
porokeratosis [kerato- + G. atrophia, atrophy, + derma, skin]



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keratocele keratocele (ker´a-to-sel)
Hernia of Descemet's membrane through a defect in the outer layers of the cornea. [kerato- + G. kele, hernia]



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keratoconjunctivitis keratoconjunctivitis (ker´a-to-kon-jungk´ti-vI´tis)
Inflammation of the conjunctiva and of the cornea.
atopic k. a chronic papillary inflammation, of the conjunctiva showing Trantas dots in a patient with a history of hypersensitivity.
epidemic k. follicular conjunctivitis followed by subepithelial corneal infiltrates; often caused by adenovirus type 8, less commonly by other types.virus k;
flash k. ultraviolet k
herpetic k. herpetic keratitis
infectious bovine k. a disease of cattle caused by the bacterium Moraxella bovis and characterized by blepharospasm, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, and corneal opacity and ulceration.infectious ophthalmia, pinkeye (2);
microsporidian k. a form of k. often associated with immunosuppressed persons, such as those suffering from AIDS.
k. sic´ca k. associated with decreased tears. See also Sjögren's syndrome.dry eye syndrome, keratitis sicca;
superior limbic k. inflammatory edema of the superior corneoscleral limbus.
ultraviolet k. acute k. resulting from exposure to intense ultraviolet irradiation.actinic conjunctivitis, arc-flash conjunctivitis, flash k., ophthalmia nivalis, snow conjunctivitis, welder's conjunctivitis;
vernal k. vernal conjunctivitis
virus k. epidemic k



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keratoconus keratoconus (ker´a-to-ko´nus)
A conical protrusion of the cornea caused by thinning of the stroma; usually bilateral. See also Fleischer's ring, Munson's sign.conical cornea; [kerato- + G. konos, cone]



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keratocricoid keratocricoid (ker´a-to-krI´koyd)
ceratocricoid



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keratocyst keratocyst (ker´a-to-sist)
Odontogenic cyst derived from remnants of the dental lamina and appearing as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucency which may produce jaw expansion; epithelial lining is characterized microscopically by a uniform thickness, a corrugated superficial layer of parakeratin, and a prominent basal layer composed of palisaded columnar cells; associated with the bifid rib basal cell nevus syndrome.
odontogenic k. (ke-ra´to-sist) a cyst of dental lamina origin with a high recurrence rate and well-defined histologic criteria of a corrugated parakeratin surface, uniformly thin epithelium, and a palisaded basal layer. One manifestation of the basal cell nevus syndrome.



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keratocyte keratocyte (ker´a-to-sIt)
The fibroblastic stromal cell of the cornea.



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keratoderma keratoderma (ker´a-to-der´ma)
1. Any horny superficial growth. 2. A generalized thickening of the horny layer of the epidermis. [kerato- + G. derma, skin]
k. blennorrhag´ica keratosis blennorrhagica
k. blennorrhagicum (blen-o-raj´I-kum) the scattered, thickened, hyperkeratotic skin lesions seen in Reiter's syndrome.
k. eccen´trica porokeratosis
lymphedematous k. mossy foot
mutilating k. [MIM*124500] diffuse k. of the extremities, with the development during childhood of constricting fibrous bands around the middle phalanx of the fingers or toes which may lead to spontaneous amputation; autosomal dominant inheritance.keratoma hereditarium mutilans, Vohwinkel syndrome;
k. palma´ris et planta´ris palmoplantar k
palmoplantar k. [MIM*148600 & MIM*244850] the occurrence of symmetrical diffuse or patchy areas of hypertrophy of the horny layer of the epidermis on the palms and soles; a group of ectodermal dysplasias of considerable variety, and either autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance.ichthyosis palmaris et plantaris, k. palmaris et plantaris, k. symmetrica, keratoma plantare sulcatum, keratosis palmaris et plantaris, tylosis palmaris et plantaris;
k. planta´re sulca´tum hyperkeratosis and fissure formation on the soles.cracked heel;
punctate k. horny papules over the palms, soles, and digits that develop central plugs; seen commonly in blacks.keratoma disseminatum, keratosis punctata;
senile k. actinic keratosis
k. symmet´rica palmoplantar k



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keratodermatitis keratodermatitis (ker´a-to-der-ma-tI´tis)
Inflammation with proliferation of the horny layer of the skin. [kerato- + G. derma, skin, + -itis, inflammation]



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keratoectasia keratoectasia (ker´a-to-ek-ta´ze-a)
A bulging forward of the cornea.corneal ectasia, keratectasia;



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keratoelastoidosis keratoelastoidosis (ker´a-to-a-las´toy-do-sis)
Hyperkeratosis and degeneration of dermal elastic tissue. See also acrokeratoelastoidosis. [kerato- + Mod. L. elasticus, elastic, fr. G. elastikos, propulsive, fr. elauno, to drive + eidos, resemblance, + suffix -osis, condition]
k. marginalis (mar-gin-al´is) hyperkeratosis and solar elastosis presenting as linear papules along the junction of the palms and dorsal surface of the hands in the elderly. [L. marginal]



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keratoepithelioplasty keratoepithelioplasty (ker´a-to-ep-i-the´le-o-plas-te)
A surgical procedure for the repair of persistent corneal epithelial defects. All the corneal epithelium is removed from the recipient cornea, and small pieces of donor cornea, with epithelium attached, are placed at the corneoscleral limbus. The donor corneal eplithelium grows and spreads out to cover the recipient cornea. [kerato- + epithelio- + G. plastos, formed]



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keratogenesis keratogenesis (ker´a-to-jen´e-sis)
Production or origin of horny cells or tissue. [kerato- + G. genesis, production]



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keratogenetic keratogenetic (ker´a-to-je-net´ik)
Relating to keratogenesis.



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keratogenous keratogenous (ker-a-toj´e-nus)
Causing a growth of cells that produce keratin and result in the formation of horny tissue, such as fingernails, scales, feathers, etc.



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keratoglobus keratoglobus (ker-a-to-glo´bus)
Congenital anomaly consisting of an enlarged anterior segment of the eye.anterior megalophthalmos, megalocornea; [kerato- + L. globus, ball]



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keratoglossus keratoglossus (ker´a-to-glos´sus)
chondroglossus muscle



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keratography keratography (ker´ah-tog´ra-fe)
A record or portrayal of the cornea. See photokeratoscope, videokeratoscope. [kerato- + G. grapho, to write]



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keratohyal keratohyal (ker´a-to-hI´al)
ceratohyal



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keratohyalin keratohyalin (ker´a-to-hI´a-lin)
The substance in the large basophilic granules of the stratum granulosum of the epidermis. [kerato- + hyalin]



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keratoid keratoid (ker´a-toyd)
1. horny 2. Resembling corneal tissue. [kerato- + G. eidos, resemblance]



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keratoleptynsis keratoleptynsis (ker´a-to-lep-tin´sis)
1. gutter dystrophy of cornea 2. An operation for removing the surface of the cornea and replacement by bulbar conjunctiva for cosmetic reasons. [kerato- + G. leptynsis, a making thin]



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keratoleukoma keratoleukoma (ker´a-to-lu-ko´ma)
A white corneal opacity. [kerato- + G. leukos, white, + -oma, growth]



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keratolysis keratolysis (ker-a-tol´i-sis)
1. Separation or loosening of the horny layer of the epidermis. 2. Specifically, a disease characterized by a shedding of the epidermis recurring at more or less regular intervals.deciduous skin; [kerato- + G. lysis, loosening]
k. exfoliati´va [MIM*270300] familial continual skin peeling characterized by a separation of stratum corneum in leaflike flakes occurring everywhere except on the palms and soles; the cause is unknown.erythema exfoliativa, erythroderma exfoliativa;
pitted k. noninflammatory Gram-positive bacterial infection of the plantar surfaces producing small depressions in the stratum corneum, associated frequently with humidity and hyperhidrosis.k. plantare sulcatum;
k. planta´re sulca´tum pitted k



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keratolytic keratolytic (ker´a-to-lit´ik)
Relating to keratolysis.



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keratoma keratoma (ker-a-to´ma)
1. callosity 2. A horny tumor. [kerato- + G. -oma, tumor]
k. dissemina´tum punctate keratoderma
k. heredita´rium mu´tilans mutilating keratoderma
k. malig´num congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma
k. planta´re sulca´tum palmoplantar keratoderma
senile k. actinic keratosis



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keratomalacia keratomalacia (ker´a-to-ma-la´she-a)
Dryness with ulceration and perforation of the cornea, with absence of inflammatory reactions, occurring in cachectic children; results from severe vitamin A deficiency.xerotic keratitis; [kerato- + G. malakia, softness]



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keratome keratome (ker´a-tom)
A knife used for incising the cornea.keratotome;



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keratometer keratometer (ker-a-tom´e-ter)
An instrument for measuring the curvature of the anterior corneal surface.ophthalmometer; [kerato- + G. metron, measure]



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keratometry keratometry (ker-a-tom´e-tre)
Measurement of the radii of corneal curvature.



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keratomileusis keratomileusis (ker´a-to-mI-lu´sis)
Surgical alteration of refractive error by changing the shape of a deep layer of the cornea: the anterior lamella is peeled back, frozen, and recarved on its back surface on a lathe; or, some of the corneal stroma can be removed from the bed with a laser or a knife. [coinage, prob. fr. G. keras (kerat-), horn, cornea, + smileusis, carving]



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keratomycosis keratomycosis (ker-a-to-mI-ko´sis)
Fungal infection of the cornea.



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keratonosis keratonosis (ker´a-to-no´sis)
Any abnormal noninflammatory, usually hypertrophic, affection of the horny layer of the skin. [kerato- + G. -osis, condition]



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keratopachyderma keratopachyderma (ker´a-to-pak-i-der´ma)
A syndrome of congenital deafness with development of hyperkeratosis of the skin of the palms, soles, elbows, and knees in childhood, and with bandlike constrictions of the fingers. [kerato- + G. pachys, thick, + derma, skin]



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keratopathy keratopathy (ker-a-top´a-the)
Any corneal disease, damage, dysfunction, or abnormality. [kerato- + G. pathos, suffering, disease]
band-shaped k. a horizontal, gray, interpalpebral opacity of the cornea that begins at the periphery and progresses centrally; occurs in hypercalcemia, chronic iridocyclitis, and Still's disease.
bullous k. edema of the corneal stroma and epithelium; occurs in Fuchs' epithelial dystrophy, advanced glaucoma and iridocyclitis, and sometimes after intraocular lens implantation.
climatic k. a bilateral, symmetrical corneal dystrophy caused by prolonged exposure to extremes of heat or cold; nodular opacities are limited to the interpalpebral area and vision is only mildly affected.Labrador k;
filamentary k. formation of fine elongations of corneal epithelium in inflammation, edema, and degenerative states.
Labrador k. climatic k
lipid k. occurrence of fats in an area of corneal vascularization.
neuroparalytic k. corneal inflammation or ulceration associated with dysfunction of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve.
striate k. corneal stromal edema with formation of criss-cross tracts.
vesicular k. corneal epithelial edema with formation of vacuoles.



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keratophakia keratophakia (ker´a-to-fak´e-a)
Implantation of a donor cornea or plastic lens within the corneal stroma to modify refractive error.keratophakic keratoplasty; [kerato- + G. phakos, lens]



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keratoplasia keratoplasia (ker´a-to-pla´ze-a)
The formation or renewal of a horny layer. [kerato- + G. plasso; to fashion]



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keratoplasty keratoplasty (ker´a-to-plas-te)
Any surgical modification of the cornea; the removal of a portion of the cornea containing an opacity and the insertion in its place of a piece of cornea of the same size and shape removed from elsewhere.corneal graft, corneal transplantation, corneal trepanation, trepanation of cornea, transplantation of cornea; [kerato- + G. plasso, to form]
allopathic k. corneal transplant with donor material of glass, plastic, or other inert material.
autogenous k. corneal transplant with donor material from the same individual.
epikeratophakic k. epikeratophakia
heterogenous k. corneal transplant with donor material from another species.
homogenous k. corneal transplant with donor material from another individual of the same species.
keratophakic k. keratophakia
lamellar k. , layered k. nonpenetrating k
nonpenetrating k. k. in which only the anterior layer of the cornea is used (not a tectonic k.).lamellar k., layered k;
optical k. transplantation of transparent corneal tissue to replace a leukoma or scar that impairs vision.
penetrating k. corneal transplant with replacement of all layers of the cornea, but retaining the peripheral cornea.perforating k;
perforating k. penetrating k
refractive k. any procedure in which the shape of the cornea is modified, with the intent of changing the refractive error of the eye; for example, if the cornea is flattened, the eye becomes less myopic. See photorefractive keratectomy, keratophakia, lamellar k., thermokeratoplasty, keratomileusis, radial keratotomy.keratorefractive surgery;
tectonic k. grafting to replace lost corneal tissue.
total k. corneal transplant in which the entire cornea is removed and replaced.



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keratoprosthesis keratoprosthesis (ker´ă-to-pros-the´sis)
Replacement of the central area of an opacified cornea by plastic. [kerato- + G. prosthesis, addition]



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keratorhexis keratorhexis , keratorrhexis (ker´a-to-rek´sis)
Rupture of the cornea, due to trauma or perforating ulcer. [kerato- + G. rhexis, a bursting]



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keratorus keratorus (ker-a-to´rus)
Vault-like corneal herniation with severe regular myopic astigmatism. [kerat- + L. torus, swelling, knot, bulge]



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keratoscleritis keratoscleritis (ker´a-to-skle-rI´tis)
Inflammation of both cornea and sclera.



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keratoscope keratoscope (ker´a-to-skop)
An instrument marked with lines or circles by means of which the corneal reflex can be observed.Placido da Costa's disk; [kerato- + G. skopeo, to examine]



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keratoscopy keratoscopy (ker-a-tos´ko-pe)
1. Examination of the reflections from the anterior surface of the cornea in order to determine the character and amount of corneal astigmatism. 2. A term first applied by Cuignet to his method of retinoscopy. [kerato- + G. skopeo, to examine]



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keratose keratose (ker´a-tos)
Keratotic, relating to or marked by keratosis.



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keratosis keratosis, pl. keratoses (ker-a-to´sis, -sez)
Any lesion on the epidermis marked by the presence of circumscribed overgrowths of the horny layer.keratiasis; [kerato- + G. -osis, condition]
actinic k. a premalignant warty lesion occurring on the sun-exposed skin of the face or hands in aged light-skinned persons; hyperkeratosis may form a cutaneous horn, and squamous cell carcinoma of low-grade malignancy may develop in a small proportion of untreated patients.senile keratoderma, senile keratoma, senile k., k. senilis, senile wart, solar k., verruca plana senilis, verruca senilis;
arsenical k. multiple keratoses, most commonly of the palms and soles but also of the fingers and proximal portions of the extremities, resulting from long-term arsenic ingestion; they resemble Bowen's disease microscopically and may become malignant.
k. blennorrhag´ica pustules and crusts associated with Reiter's disease.keratoderma blennorrhagica;
k. diffu´sa feta´lis ichthyosis vulgaris
k. follicula´ris [MIM*124200] a familial, autosomal dominant eruption, beginning usually in childhood, in which keratotic papules originating from both follicles and interfollicular epidermis of the trunk, face, scalp, and axillae become crusted and verrucous; the papules are often intensely pruritic. Microscopically, dyskeratotic cells termed corps ronds are seen in the epidermis.Darier's disease, k. vegetans;
k. follicula´ris contagio´sa a rare condition simulating k. follicularis.Brooke's disease (2);
inverted follicular k. a solitary benign epithelial tumor of infundibular hair follicle origin occurring on the face, consisting of a lobulated epidermal downgrowth of keratinizing squamous cells with a pattern of eddies or whorls.
k. labia´lis thickening of stratum corneum on the lips.
lichenoid k. a solitary benign papule or plaque, with microscopic features resembling lichen planus, occurring on sun-exposed or unexposed skin.lichen planus-like k;
lichen planus-like k. lichenoid k
k. ni´gricans acanthosis nigricans
k. obtu´rans an accretion of epithelia in the external auditory canal.laminated epithelial plug;
k. palma´ris et planta´ris palmoplantar keratoderma
k. pila´ris atroph´icans facie´i erythema and horny plugs of outer portions of the eyebrows with destruction of follicles; onset in early infancy.
k. puncta´ta punctate keratoderma
k. ru´bra figura´ta erythrokeratoderma variabilis
seborrheic k. , k. seborrhe´ica superficial, benign, verrucous, often pigmented, greasy lesions consisting of proliferating epidermal cells, resembling basal cells, enclosing horn cysts; they usually occur after the third decade.basal cell papilloma, seborrheic verruca, seborrheic wart;
senile k. , k. seni´lis actinic k
solar k. actinic k
tar k. warty lesions of the face and hands resulting from repeated, prolonged exposure to tar and pitch; also occurs as keratoacanthoma-like lesions that can become malignant, particularly on the scrotum.
k. veg´etans k. follicularis



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keratosulfate keratosulfate (ker´a-to-sul-fat)
keratan sulfate



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keratotome keratotome (ker´a-to-tom)
keratome



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keratotomy keratotomy (ker´a-tot´o-me)
1. Any incision through the cornea. 2. An operation making a partial thickness incision into the cornea to flatten it and reduce its refractive power in that meridian. [kerato- + G. tome, incision]
delimiting k. incision in the cornea along the margin of an advancing ulcer.
radial k. a k.with radial incisions around a clear central zone. A form of refractive keratoplasty used in the treatment of myopia.
refractive k. modification of corneal curvature by means of corneal incisions to minimize hyperopia, myopia, or astigmatism.In this type of radial keratotomy surgery, performed by excimer laser, pie-shaped pieces of cornea are removed under local anesthetic. The resulting scar tissue formation reshapes the cornea. This class of surgery is somewhat unpredictable, and its long-term effects are still unknown.



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keraunophobia keraunophobia (ke-raw´no-fo´be-a)
Morbid fear of thunder and lightning. [G. keraunos, thunderbolt, + phobos, fear]



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Kerckring Kerckring (Kerckringius)
Theodor, Dutch anatomist, 1640-1693. See Kerckring's center, Kerckring's folds, under fold, ossicle, Kerckring's valves, under valve.



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kerion kerion (ke´re-on)
A granulomatous secondarily infected lesion complicating fungal infection of the hair; typically, a raised boggy lesion. [G. kerion, honeycomb; a skin disease, fr. keros, beeswax]
Celsus k. tinea kerion



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Kerley Kerley
Peter J., English radiologist, *1900. See K. B lines, under line.



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kernel kernel (ker´nel)
The central portion of the software expression of a mathematical algorithm, as in computed tomography. [O.E. cyrnel, a little corn]



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kernicterus kernicterus (ker-nik´ter-us)
Associated with high levels of unconjugated bilirubin, or, in small premature infants with more modest degrees of bilirubinemia; yellow staining and degenerative lesions are found chiefly in basal ganglia including in the lenticular nucleus, subthalamus, Ammon's horn, and other areas; may occur with hemolytic disorder such as Rh or ABO erythroblastosis or G6PD deficiency as well as with neonatal sepsis or Crigler-Najjas syndrome; characterized early clinically by opisthotonus, high-pitched cry, lethargy, and poor sucking, as well as abnormal or absent Moro reflex, and loss of upward gaze; later consequences include deafness, cerebral palsy, other sensineural deficits, and mental retardation.bilirubin encephalopathy, nuclear jaundice; [Ger. Kern, kernel (nucleus), + Ikterus, jaundice]



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Kernig Kernig
Vladimir, Russian physician, 1840-1917. See K.'s sign.



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Kernohan Kernohan
J.W., U.S. pathologist, *1897. See K.'s notch.



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keroid keroid (ker´oyd)
horny [G. keroeides, horn-like]



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kerosene kerosene (ker´o-sen)
A mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons, chiefly of the methane series; the fifth fraction in the distillation of petroleum, used as fuel for lamps and stoves, as a degreaser and cleaner, and in insecticides. Contact on human skin can lead to irritation and infection; inhalation may cause headache, drowsiness, coma; swallowing causes irritation, vomiting, and diarrhea. Vomiting should not be induced, as aspiration of vomitus causes pneumonitis. [G. keros, wax, + -ene]



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kerotherapy kerotherapy (ker-o-thar´a-pe)
Treatment of burns and denuded surfaces with wax or paraffin preparations. [G. keros, wax, + therapeia, treatment]



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Kerr Kerr
Harry Hyland, U.S. surgeon, 1881-1963. See Parker-K. suture.



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Kestenbaum Kestenbaum
U.S. ophthalmologist, 1890-1961. See Kestenbaum's sign, Kestenbaum's number.



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Kestenbaum's sign Kestenbaum's sign
See under sign.



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ketal ketal (ke´tal)
RC(OR´)(R")OR"´;a hydrated ketone in which both hydroxyl groups are esterified with alcohols.



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ketamine ketamine (ket´a-men)
dl-2-(o-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone;a parenterally administered anesthetic that produces catatonia, profound analgesia, increased sympathetic activity, and little relaxation of skeletal muscles; side effects include sialorrhea and occasional pronounced dysphoria, especially in adults; chemically related to phencyclidine (PCP), it can produce hallucinations.



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ketanserin ketanserin (ket-an´ser-in)
Specific serotonin 5HT2-receptor antagonist with antihypertensive properties; the drug also reduces platelet aggregation produced by serotonin.



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ketene ketene (ke´ten)
CH2=C=O;a very reactive acetylating agent, used in chemical syntheses.



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ketimine ketimine (ke´ta-men)
R-N=C(R´)(R´´);a tautomer of an aldimine, formed in many enzyme-catalyze reactions; e.g., aminotransferases.



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keto- keto-
Combining form denoting a compound containing a ketone group; replaced by oxo- in systematic nomenclature. [Ger.]



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keto acid keto acid (ke´to)
An acid containing a ketone group (-CO-) in addition to the acid group(s); a-k.a. refers to a 2-oxo acid (e.g., pyruvic acid); beta-k.a. refers to a 3-oxo acid (e.g., acetoacetic acid), etc.oxo acid;
a-k.a. dehydrogenase one of several distinct multienzyme complexes that catalyzes the formation of an acyl-CoA derivative, CO2, and NADH from an a-keto acid, NAD+, and coenzyme A; maple syrup urine disease results from several different inherited defects in the mitochondrial branched chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase complex.



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3-ketoacid-CoA transferase 3-ketoacid-CoA transferase
3-oxoacid-CoA transferase



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ketoacidemia ketoacidemia (ke´to-as-id-e´me-a)
maple syrup urine disease



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ketoacidosis ketoacidosis (ke´to-as-i-do´sis)
Acidosis, as in diabetes or starvation, caused by the enhanced production of ketone bodies.



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ketoaciduria ketoaciduria (ke´to-as-i-du´re-a)
Excretion of urine having an elevated content of ketonic acids.
branched chain k. maple syrup urine disease



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beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase (ke-to-as´il)
3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase



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beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase
3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase



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3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase
acetyl-CoA acyltransferase



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2-ketoadipic acid 2-ketoadipic acid (ke´to-a-dip´ik)
HOOCCH2CH2CH2COCOOH;an intermediate in l-tryptophan and l-lysine catabolism; 2-k.a. accumulates in certain inherited disorders, probably due to a deficiency of one of the proteins in the a-ketoadipate dehydrogenase complex.
2-k.a. dehydrogenase complex the multienzyme complex that reacts 2-k.a. with coenzyme A and NAD+ to produce glutaryl-CoA, CO2, and NADH + H+ in l-lysine and l-tryptophan catabolism; a deficiency of one of the proteins in this complex results in 2-ketoadipic acidemia.



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2-ketoadipic acidemia 2-ketoadipic acidemia (ke´to-a-dip´ik)
Elevated levels of 2-ketoadipic acid in the serum.



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ketoconazole ketoconazole (ke-to-ko´na-zol)
cis-1-Acetyl-4-[4-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl-2-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]piperazine;a broad spectrum antifungal agent used to treat systemic and topical fungal infections.



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a-ketodecarboxylase a-ketodecarboxylase (ke´to-de-kar-boks´i-las)
Formerly, the enzyme system converting pyruvate (a 2-oxoacid) to acetyl-CoA and CO2, with reduction of NAD+ to NADH and the participation of lipoamide and thiamin pyrophosphate; now known to involve at least three enzymes in succession: pyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. Cf. pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide).



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ketogenesis ketogenesis (ke-to-jen´e-sis)
Metabolic production of ketones or ketone bodies.



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ketogenic ketogenic (ke-to-jen´ik)
Giving rise to ketone bodies in metabolism.



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a-ketoglutaramic acid a-ketoglutaramic acid (ke´to-glu-tar-ik)
H2N-COCH2CH2COCOOH;a metabolite of glutamine formed by the action of glutamine aminotransferase; elevated in certain cases of hepatocoma.2-oxoglutaric acid;



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a-ketoglutarate a-ketoglutarate
A salt or ester of a-ketoglutaric acid.
a-k. dehydrogenase an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-ketoglutaric acid to succinyldihydrolipoate; the succinyl group is later transferred to CoA and the reduced lipoate is oxidized by NAD+; a complex that is a part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex;



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ketoheptose ketoheptose (ke-to-hep´tos)
A seven-carbon sugar possessing a ketone group.heptulose;



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ketohexose ketohexose (ke-to-heks´os)
A six-carbon sugar possessing a ketone group; e.g., fructose.hexulose;



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beta-ketohydrogenase beta-ketohydrogenase (ke-to-hI´dro-jen-as)
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase



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ketohydroxyestrin ketohydroxyestrin (ke´to-hI-drok-se-es´trin)
estrone



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ketol ketol (ke´tol)
A ketone that has an OH group near the CO group. In an a-k., the OH is attached to a carbon atom that is attached to the CO carbon atom; in a beta-k., one carbon atom intervenes.



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ketole ketole (ke´tol)
indole (1)



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ketole group ketole group
Carbons 1 and 2 of a 2-ketose (HOCH2CO-); trans-ketolation from d-xylose 5-phosphate to C-1 of aldoses is important in various metabolic pathways involving carbohydrates (e.g., photosynthesis, Dickens shunt); the two-carbon unit is transferred as a,beta-dihydroxyethyl thiamin pyrophosphate.



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ketolytic ketolytic (ke-to-lit´ik)
Causing the dissolution of ketone or acetone substances, referring usually to oxidation products of glucose and allied substances.



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ketone ketone (ke´ton)
A substance with the carbonyl group linking two carbon atoms; the most important in medicine and the simplest in chemistry is dimethyl k. (acetone).



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ketone alcohol ketone alcohol
A compound containing a carbonyl or ketone group as well as a hydroxyl group; e.g., dihydroxyacetone.



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ketone-aldehyde mutase ketone-aldehyde mutase
lactoylglutathione lyase



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ketonemia ketonemia (ke-to-ne´me-a)
The presence of recognizable concentrations of ketone bodies in the plasma. [ketone + G. haima, blood]



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ketonic ketonic (ke-ton´ik)
Pertaining to, or possessing the characteristics of, a ketone.



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ketonization ketonization (ke-to-ni-za´shun)
Conversion into a ketone.



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ketonuria ketonuria (ke-to-nu´re-a)
Enhanced urinary excretion of ketone bodies.
branched chain k. maple syrup urine disease



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ketopantoic acid ketopantoic acid (ke´to-pan-to´ik)
Oxidized precursor of pantoic acid, intermediate on the synthetic pathway between a-ketoisovaleric acid and pantothenic acid.



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ketopentose ketopentose (ke-to-pen´tos)
A five-carbon sugar in which carbons 2, 3, or 4 make up part of a carbonyl group; e.g., ribulose.



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ketoprofen ketoprofen (ke-to-pro´fen)
m-Benzoylhydratropic acid;a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug chemically related to fenoprofen and ibuprofen; useful in inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Also has analgesic properties.



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beta-ketoreductase beta-ketoreductase (ke´to-re-duk´tas)
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase



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ketorolac ketorolac
A pyrrolo-pyrrole nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and analgesic properties; similar in actions to ibuprofen but substantially more potent and capable of relieving severe pain. Often used by injection.



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ketose ketose (ke´tos)
A carbohydrate containing the characteristic carbonyl group of the ketones; i.e., a polyhydroxyketone; e.g., fructose, ribulose, sedoheptulose; the majority of the naturally occurring k.'s have the carbonyl on the second carbon.



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ketose-1-phosphate aldolase ketose-1-phosphate aldolase
Fructose bisphosphate aldolase.



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ketose reductase ketose reductase
d-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase



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ketosis ketosis (ke-to´sis)
A condition characterized by the enhanced production of ketone bodies, as in diabetes mellitus or starvation. [ketone + -osis, condition]
bovine k. a common metabolic disease of cows which appears as a rule within a few weeks after parturition; characterized by hypoglycemia, ketonuria, loss of appetite, lethargy, loss of milk production, and rapid emaciation.bovine acetonemia;



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17-ketosteroids (17-KS) 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) (ke-to-ster´oydz)
Nominally, any steroid with a ketone group on C-17; commonly used to designate urinary C19 steroidal metabolites of androgenic and adrenocortical hormones that possess this structural feature.17-oxosteroids;



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a-ketosuccinamic acid a-ketosuccinamic acid (ke´to-suk-si-nam´ik)
NH2-CO-CH2-CO-COOH;the transamination product of asparagine; acted upon by omega-amidase.



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ketosuccinic acid ketosuccinic acid (ke-to-suk´si-nik)
oxaloacetic acid



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ketosuria ketosuria (ke´to-su´re-a´)
The presence of ketones in the urine.



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ketotetrose ketotetrose (ke´to-tet´ros)
A four-carbon sugar possessing a ketone group; e.g., erythrulose.



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beta-ketothiolase beta-ketothiolase (ke-to-thI´o-las)
acetyl-CoA acyltransferase



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ketotic ketotic (ke´tot-ik)
Pertaining to ketone bodies; presence of acidosis due to excess ketone body production such as occurs in uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetes.



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ketotriose ketotriose (ke´to-trI´os)
A three-carbon sugar possessing a ketone group; i.e., dihydroxyacetone.



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keV keV
Abbreviation for kiloelectron volts, a unit of effective mean x-ray tube voltage in diagnostic radiography.



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Key Key
Ernst A.H., Swedish anatomist and physician, 1832-1901. See K.-Retzius corpuscles, under corpuscle; foramen of K.; sheath of K. and Retzius.



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Key Key
Charles Alston, English physician, 1793-1849.



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keyway keyway (ke´wa)
The female portion of a precision attachment.



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kg kg
Abbreviation for kilogram.



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khat khat (kot)
The tender fresh parts of Catha edulis.



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khellin khellin (kel´in)
Dimethoxymethylfuranochromone;the active principle in extracts of Ammi visnaga, an umbelliferous plant growing in the Near East; used in angina pectoris and asthma. [Ar. khella]



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KHN KHN
Abbreviation for Knoop hardness number.



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kick kick (kik)
A brisk mechanical stimulus.
atrial k. the priming force contributed by atrial contraction immediately before ventricular systole to increase the efficiency of ventricular ejection due to increased preload.
idioventricular k. the increased contractility of the initially contracting ventricular fibers which, by stretching the later contracting fibers, increases their force of contraction.



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Kidd blood group Kidd blood group
See Blood Groups appendix.



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kidney kidney (kid´ne)
One of the two organs that excrete the urine. The k.'s are bean-shaped organs (about 11 cm long, 5 cm wide, and 3 cm thick) lying on either side of the vertebral column, posterior to the peritoneum, about opposite the twelfth thoracic and first three lumbar vertebrae.ren [NA], nephros; [A.S. cwith, womb, belly, + neere, kidney (L. ren, G. nephros)]
amyloid k. a k. in which amyloidosis has occurred, usually in association with some chronic illness such as multiple myeloma, tuberculosis, osteomyelitis, or other chronic suppurative inflammation; such k.'s are moderately enlarged and grossly manifest a waxy appearance, with amyloid deposited beneath the endothelium in the glomerular loops and in the arterioles, apparently beginning as foci of thickening of the basement membranes.waxy k;
Armanni-Ebstein k. glycogen vacuolization of the loops of Henle, seen in diabetics before the introduction of insulin.Armanni-Ebstein change;
arteriolosclerotic k. a k. in which there is sclerosis of the arterioles, i.e., arteriolar nephrosclerosis resulting from long-standing benign hypertension. Such k.'s tend to be pale red-brown or relatively gray, moderately reduced in size, and firmer than normal organs; the capsular surfaces are uniformly finely granular. Most of the arterioles are thickened and hyalinized, thereby resulting in varying degrees of narrowing of the lumens, ischemia, and fibrosis in the interstitial tissue, leading to uniform contraction of the cortex.
arteriosclerotic k. a k. in which there is sclerosis of arterial vessels larger than arterioles. Such k.'s are usually not significantly reduced in size, but are likely to be paler than usual; the capsular surface may be marked by a few, possibly several, conical, relatively deep V-shaped scars that result from fibrosis and ischemic atrophy of the region supplied by the affected vessel.
artificial k. hemodialyzer
Ask-Upmark k. true renal hypoplasia with decreased lobules and deep transverse grooving of the cortical surfaces of the kidney.
atrophic k. a k. that is diminished in size because of inadequate circulation and/or loss of nephrons.
cake k. a solid, irregularly lobed organ of bizarre shape, usually situated in the pelvis toward the midline, produced by fusion of the renal anlagen.
contracted k. a diffusely scarred k. in which the relatively large amount of abnormal fibrous tissue and ischemic atrophy leads to a moderate or great reduction in the size of the organ, as in arteriolar nephrosclerosis and chronic glomerulonephritis.
cow k. a k. containing an abnormally large number of minor calices, resembling normal bovine renal anatomy.
crush k. acute oliguric renal failure following crushing injuries of muscle; k.'s show the changes of hypoxic tubular damage, plus pigment casts in renal tubules that contain myoglobin.
cystic k. a general term used to indicate a k. that contains one or more cysts, including polycystic disease, solitary cyst, multiple simple cysts, and retention cysts (associated with parenchymal scarring).
disk k. pancake k
duplex k. a k. in which two pelviocaliceal systems are present.
fatty k. a k. in which there is fatty metamorphosis of the parenchymal cells, especially fatty degeneration.
flea-bitten k. the k. seen at autopsy in some cases of bacterial endocarditis, the appearance being caused by diffuse petechial hemorrhages resulting from focal glomerulonephritis.
floating k. the abnormally mobile k. in nephroptosia.movable k., wandering k;
Formad's k. an enlarged and deformed k. sometimes seen in chronic alcoholism.
fused k. a single, anomalous organ produced by fusion of the renal anlagen.
Goldblatt k. a k. whose arterial blood supply has been compromised, as a consequence of which arterial (renovascular) hypertension develops.
granular k. a k. in which fairly uniform, diffusely and evenly situated foci of scarring of the interstitial tissue of the cortex (and sometimes scarring of glomeruli), and the associated slight degree of bulging of groups of dilated tubules, leads to the development of a minutely bosselated surface; such k.'s are seen in arteriolar nephrosclerosis or chronic glomerulonephritis.sclerotic k;
head k. pronephros (1)
hind k. metanephros
horseshoe k. union of the lower or occasionally the upper extremities of the two k.'s by a band of tissue extending across the vertebral column.
medullary sponge k. cystic disease of the renal pyramids associated with calculus formation and hematuria; differs from cystic disease of the renal medulla in that renal failure does not usually develop.
middle k. mesonephros
mortar k. putty k
movable k. floating k
pancake k. a disk-shaped organ produced by fusion of both poles of the contralateral k. anlagen.disk k;
pelvic k. k. that has been displaced into the pelvis.
polycystic k. a progressive disease characterized by formation of multiple cysts of varying size scattered diffusely throughout both k.'s, resulting in compression and destruction of k. parenchyma, usually with hypertension, gross hematuria, and uremia; there are two major types: 1) with onset in infancy or early childhood, usually with autosomal recessive inheritance [MIM*263200]; 2) with onset in adulthood, with autosomal dominant inheritance [MIM*174000].polycystic disease of kidneys;
primordial k. pronephros
putty k. a k. containing caseous material trapped by stricture of the ureter due to tuberculous granulations in renal tuberculosis.mortar k;
pyelonephritic k. a k. deformed by multiple scars as a result of chronic or recurrent renal infection.
Rose-Bradford k. a form of fibrotic k. of inflammatory origin found in young persons.
sclerotic k. granular k
sigmoid k. upper pole of one k. fused with the lower pole of the other.
supernumerary k. a k., in addition to the two usually present, developed from the splitting of the nephrogenic blastema or from a separate metanephric blastema, into which a partial or complete reduplication of the ureteral stalk enters to form a separate, capsulated k.; in some cases, the separation of the reduplicated organ is incomplete.
thoracic k. ectopic k. that partially lies above the diaphragm in the posterior mediastinum.
wandering k. floating k
waxy k. amyloid k



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Kiel classification Kiel classification
See under classification.



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Kielland Kielland
See Kjelland.



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Kien Kien
Alphonse M.J., 19th century German physician. See Kussmaul-K. respiration.



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Kienböck Kienböck
Robert, Austrian roentgenologist, 1871-1953. See K.'s atrophy, disease, dislocation, unit.



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Kiernan Kiernan
Francis, English physician, 1800-1874. See K.'s space.



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Kiesselbach Kiesselbach
Wilhelm, German laryngologist, 1839-1902. See K.'s area.



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Kilian Kilian
Hermann F., German gynecologist, 1800-1863. See K.'s line.



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Kiliani Kiliani
H., chemist, 1855-1945. See Kiliani-Fischer synthesis; Kiliani-Fischer reaction.



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Killian Killian
Gustav, German laryngologist, 1860-1921. See K.'s bundle, operation, triangle.



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kilo- (k) kilo- (k)
Prefix used in the SI and metric systems to signify one thousand (103). [French fr. G. chilioi, one thousand]



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kilobase (kb) kilobase (kb) (kil´o-bas)
Unit used in designating the length of a nucleic acid sequence; 1 kb equals a sequence of 1000 purine or pyrimidine bases.



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kilocalorie (kcal) kilocalorie (kcal) (kil´o-kal-o-re)
large calorie



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kilocycle (kc) kilocycle (kc) (kil´o-sI-kl)
One thousand cycles per second.



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kilogram (kg) kilogram (kg) (kil´o-gram)
The SI unit of mass, 1000 g; equivalent to 15,432.358 gr, 2.2046226 lb. avoirdupois, or 2.6792289 lb. troy.



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kilogram-meter kilogram-meter
The energy exerted, or work done, when a mass of 1 kg is raised a height of 1 m; equal to 9.80665 J in the SI system.



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kilohertz kilohertz
A unit of frequency equal to 103 hertz.



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kilohm kilohm
A unit of electrical resistance equal to 103 ohms. [kilo + ohm]



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kilojoule kilojoule
A unit of energy, work, or quantity of heat equal to 103 joules. [kilo + joule]



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kiloroentgen kiloroentgen (kil-o-rent´gen)
Term used to denote an exposure of 103 roentgens.



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kilovolt (kv) kilovolt (kv) (kil´o-volt)
A unit of electrical potential, potential difference, or electromotive force, equal to 103 volts. [kilo + volt]



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kilovoltmeter kilovoltmeter (kil´o-volt-me´ter)
An instrument designed to measure electromotive force in kilovolts.



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Kimmelstiel Kimmelstiel
Paul, German pathologist in the U.S., 1900-1970. See K.-Wilson disease, syndrome.



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Kimura Kimura
T., 20th century Japanese pathologist. See K.'s disease.



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kin- kin- , kine-
Movement, motion. See also cine-. [G. kinesis]



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kinanesthesia kinanesthesia (kin-an-es-the´ze-a)
A disturbance of deep sensibility in which there is inability to perceive either direction or extent of movement, the result being ataxia.cinanesthesia; [G. kinesis, motion, + an- priv. + aisthesis, sensation]



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kinase kinase (kI´nas)
1. An enzyme catalyzing the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme; e.g., enteropeptidase (enterokinase). 2. An enzyme catalyzing the transfer of phosphate groups to form triphosphates (e.g., ATP). For individual k.'s, see specific name.



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kinase II kinase II
peptidyl dipeptidase A



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kindling kindling
Long-lasting epileptogenic changes induced by daily subthreshold electrical brain stimulation without apparent neuronal damage.



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kindred kindred
An aggregate of genetically related persons; distinguished from pedigree, which is a stylized representation of a k. [O.E. kynrede, fr. cyn, kin, + rede, condition]
degree of k. degree of k. between two members of a pedigree, the minimum number of steps to be traced in going from the one to the other. First degree relatives are sibs, parents and progeny; second degree are uncles, aunts, nephews, and nieces and so forth. The term is defined for legal purposes e.g., consanguineous marriages, and may be misleading in genetics. Use of groups constituted by lumping together "first degree relatives" regardless of sex or the mode of inheritance in question and that fails to distinguish progeny from sibs is to be deplored.



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kinematics kinematics (kin-e-mat´iks)
In physiology, the science concerned with movements of the parts of the body.cinematics; [G. kinematica, things that move]



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kinemometer kinemometer (kin-e-mom´e-ter)
An electromagnetic device, similar in principle to the velocity ballistocardiograph, used to measure the contraction and relaxation elicited in a tendon reflex. [G. kinesis, movement, + metron, measure]



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kineplastics kineplastics (kin´e-plas-tiks)
cineplastic amputation



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kinesalgia kinesalgia (kin-e-sal´je-a)
Pain caused by muscular movement.kinesialgia; [G. kinesis, motion, + algos, pain]



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kinescope kinescope (kin´e-skop)
Obsolete instrument for determining the refraction of the eyes; the subject observes the apparent "with" or "against" movement of the test object through a stenopeic slit moved across the front of the eye. [G. kinesis, motion, + skopeo, to examine]



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kinesi- kinesi- , kinesio- , kineso-
Motion. [G. kinesis]



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kinesia kinesia (ki-ne´se-a, -ne´ze-)
motion sickness [G. kinesis, movement]



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kinesialgia kinesialgia (ki-ne-se-al´je-a)
kinesalgia



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kinesiatrics kinesiatrics (ki-ne´se-at´riks)
kinesitherapy [G. kinesis, movement, + iatrikos, relating to medicine]



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kinesics kinesics (ki-ne´siks)
The study of nonverbal, bodily motion in communication. See body language.



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kinesimeter kinesimeter (kin-e-sim´e-ter)
An instrument for measuring the extent of a movement.kinesiometer; [G. kinesis, movement, + metron, measure]



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kinesin kinesin (ki-ne´sin)
A motor protein associated with microtubules; participates in the transport of vesicles and other entities; directs anterograde axonal transport.



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kinesio- kinesio-
See kinesi-.



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kinesiology kinesiology (ki-ne-se-ol´o-je)
The science or the study of movement, and the active and passive structures involved. [G. kinesis, movement, + -logos, study]



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kinesiometer kinesiometer (ki-ne-se-om´e-ter)
kinesimeter



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kinesioneurosis kinesioneurosis (ki-ne´se-o-nu-ro´sis)
Rarely used term for a neurosis, or functional nervous disease, marked by tics, spasms, or other motor disorders. [G. kinesis, movement]



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kinesipathist kinesipathist (kin-e-sip´a-thist)
A nonmedical person who treats disease by movements of various kinds.



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kinesipathy kinesipathy (kin-e-sip´a-the)
1. An affection marked by motor disturbances. 2. kinesitherapy [G. kinesis, movement, + pathos, suffering]



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kinesis kinesis (ki-ne´sis)
Motion. As a termination, used to denote movement or activation, particularly the kind induced by a stimulus. [G.]



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kinesitherapy kinesitherapy (ki-ne-si-thar´a-pe)
Physical therapy involving motion and range of motion exercises. See movement.kinesiatrics, kinesipathy (2);



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kineso- kineso-
See kinesi-.



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kinesophobia kinesophobia (ki-ne-so-fo´be-a)
Morbid fear of movement. [G. kinesis, movement, + phobos, fear]



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kinesthesia kinesthesia (kin´es-the´ze-a)
1. The sense perception of movement; the muscular sense. 2. An illusion of moving in space. [G. kinesis, motion, + aisthesis, sensation]
kinesthesia k. the sense of movement of one or more muscles, when no movement is taking place.



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kinesthesiometer kinesthesiometer (kin´es-the´ze-om´e-ter)
An instrument for determining the degree of muscular sensation. [kinesthesia, + G. metron, measure]



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kinesthesis kinesthesis (kin´es-the-sez)
See kinesthesia.



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kinesthetic kinesthetic (kin-es-thet´ik)
Relating to kinesthesia.



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kinetic kinetic (ki-net´ik)
Relating to motion or movement. [G. kinetikos, of motion, fr. kinetos, moving]



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kinetics kinetics (ki-net´iks)
The study of motion, acceleration, or rate of change.
chemical k. the study of the rates of chemical reactions.
enzyme k. the study of the rates, and alterations in those rates, of enzyme-catalyzed reactions; includes the reactions catalyzed by synzymes, abzymes, and ribozymes.



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kineto- kineto-
Motion. [G. kinetos, moving, movable]



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kinetocardiogram kinetocardiogram (ki-ne´to-kar´de-o-gram, ki-net´o-)
One type of graphic recording of the vibrations of the chest wall produced by cardiac activity.



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kinetocardiograph kinetocardiograph (ki-ne´to-kar´de-o-graf, ki-net´o-)
A device for recording precordial impulses due to cardiac movement; the absolute displacement of a point on the chest wall is recorded relative to a fixed reference point above the recumbent patient.



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kinetochore kinetochore (ki-ne´to-kor, ki-net´o-)
The structural portion of the chromosome to which microtubules attach. Cf. centromere. [kineto- + G. chora, space]



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kinetochores kinetochores (ki-ne´to-korz)
The protein-bound region of the centromere.



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kinetogenic kinetogenic (ki-ne-to-jen´ik, ki-net-o-)
Causing or producing motion.



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kinetoplasm kinetoplasm (ki-ne´to-plazm)
1. The most contractile part of a cell. 2. The cytoplasm of the droplet that covers the sperm head during maturation.cinetoplasm, cinetoplasma, kinoplasm; [kineto- + G. plasma, a thing formed]



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kinetoplast kinetoplast (ki-ne´to-plast, ki-net´o-)
An intensely staining rod-, disc-, or spherical-shaped extranuclear DNA structure found in parasitic flagellates (family Trypanosomatidae) near the base of the flagellum, posterior to the blepharoplast, and often at right angles to the nucleus. Electron micrographs show it to be part of a single giant mitochondrion filling most of the cytoplasm of amastigote flagellates, the k. portion being visible by light microscopy. DNA of the k. is termed kDNA to distinguish it from nuclear DNA, or nDNA. The k. divides independently, along with the basal body, prior to nuclear division. The term k. formerly included parabasal body and blepharoplast in a locomotory apparatus, but is now recognized as a distinct organelle of most trypanosomatids. See also parabasal body. [kineto- + G. plastos, formed]



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kinetoscope kinetoscope (kI-ne´to-skop)
An apparatus for taking serial photographs to record movement. [kineto- + G. skopeo, to examine]



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kinetosome kinetosome (ki-ne´to-som, ki-net´o-)
basal body [kineto- + G. soma, body]



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King King
Earl J., Canadian biochemist, 1901-1962. See K. unit; K.-Armstrong unit.



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kingdom kingdom (king´dum)
One of the three categories into which natural objects are usually classified: the animal kingdom, including all animals; the plant kingdom, including all plants; and the mineral kingdom, including all objects and substances without life. [A.S. cyningdom, fr. cyning, king, + -dom, state, condition]



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Kingella Kingella (kin-jel´ah)
Newly recognized member of the family Neisseriaceae; a Gram-negative cocci with a requirement of enhanced carbon dioxide for recovery in culture.
K. indolog´enes a species that causes eye infections or endocarditis (when prosthetic heart valves are present) in humans.
K. kin´gae a species that causes endocarditis in humans; formerly Moraxella kingae. See HACEK group.Moraxella kingae;



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Kingsley Kingsley
N.W., U.S. dentist, 1829-1913. See K. splint.



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kinic acid kinic acid (kin´ik)
quinic acid



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kinin kinin (kI´nin)
One of a number of widely differing substances having pronounced and dramatic physiological effects. Some (e.g., kallidin and bradykinin) are polypeptides, formed in blood by proteolysis secondary to some pathological process, that stimulate visceral smooth muscle but relax vascular smooth muscle, thus producing vasodilation; others (e.g., kinetin) are plant growth regulators. [G. kineo, to move, + -in]
k. 9 bradykinin



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kininogen kininogen (ki-nin´o-jen)
The globulin precursor of a (plasma) kinin.
high molecular weight k. a plasma protein of 110,000 molecular weight that normally exists in plasma in a 1:1 complex with prekallikrein. The complex is a cofactor in the activation of coagulation factor XII. The product of this reaction, XIIa, in turn activates prekallikrein to kallikrein.Fitzgerald factor, Flaujeac factor, Williams factor;
low molecular weight k. a protein of 50,000 molecular weight that occurs in various normal tissues and which, upon cleavage by kallikrein or other k.'s, forms kallidin. Kallidin, in turn, is converted into bradykinin.



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kininogenase kininogenase (ki-nin´o-je-nas)
kallikrein



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kininogenin kininogenin (ki-nin´o-jen-in)
kallikrein



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kink kink
An angulation, bend, or twist.
Lane's k. Lane's band



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kino- kino-
Movement. [G. kineo, to move]



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kinocentrum kinocentrum (kin-o-sen´trum)
cytocentrum [kino- + G. kentron, center]



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kinocilium kinocilium (kI-no-sil´e-um)
A cilium, usually motile, having nine peripheral double microtubules and two single central ones. [kino- + cilium]



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kinohapt kinohapt (kin´o-hapt)
An esthesiometer for applying several stimuli to the skin at different distances and frequencies. [kino- + G. hapto, to touch]



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kinomometer kinomometer (kin-o-mom´e-ter)
An instrument for measuring degree of motion. [kino- + G. metron, measure]



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kinoplasm kinoplasm (kin´o-plazm, kI´no)
kinetoplasm



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kinoplasmic kinoplasmic (kin-o-plas´mik, kI-no-)
Relating to kinoplasm (kinetoplasm).



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kinship kinship
The state of being genetically related.



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Kinyoun Kinyoun
Joseph J., U.S. physician, 1860-1919. See K. stain.



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kion kion (kI´on)
Obsolete term for uvula. See entries under cion- as a combining form of uvula [G. kion, pillar, the uvula]



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kion- kion- , kiono-
Obsolete combining form relating to the uvula. See uvulo-, uvul-. [G. kion, uvula]



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Kirk Kirk
Norman Thomas, U.S. Army surgeon, 1888-1960. See K.'s amputation.



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Kirkland Kirkland
Olin, U.S. periodontist, 1876-1969. See K. knife.



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Kirschner Kirschner
Martin, German surgeon, 1879-1942. See K.'s apparatus, wire.



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Kisch Kisch
Bruno, German physiologist, 1890-1966. See K.'s reflex.



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Kitasato Kitasato
Shibasaburo, Baron, Japanese bacteriologist, 1856-1931. See K.'s bacillus.



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Kjeldahl Kjeldahl
Johan G.C., Danish chemist, 1849-1900. See K. apparatus, method; macro-K. method; micro-K. method.



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Kjelland Kjelland , Kielland
Christian, Norwegian obstetrician, 1871-1941. See K.'s forceps.



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Klapp Klapp
Rudolph, German surgeon, 1873-1949. See K.'s method.



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Klebs Klebs
Theodor Albrecht Edwin, German physician, 1834-1913. See Klebsiella; K.-Loeffler bacillus.



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Klebsiella Klebsiella (kleb-se-el´a)
A genus of aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, nonmotile, nonsporeforming bacteria (family Enterobacteriaceae) containing Gram-negative, encapsulated rods which occur singly, in pairs, or in short chains. These organisms produce acetylmethylcarbinol and lysine decarboxylase or ornithine decarboxylase. They do not usually liquefy gelatin. Citrate and glucose are ordinarily used as sole carbon sources. These organisms may or may not be pathogenic. They occur in the respiratory, intestinal, and urogenital tracts of man as well as in soil, water, and grain. The type species is K. pneumoniae. [E. Klebs]
K. mo´bilis Enterobacter aerogenes
K. ozae´nae a species which occurs in cases of ozena and other chronic diseases of the respiratory tract.K. pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae;
K. pneumo´niae a species found in soil and water, on grain, and in the intestinal tract of humans and other animals; it also occurs in association with several pathologic conditions, urinary tract infections, sputum, feces, and metritis in mares; capsular types 1, 2, and 3 of this organism may be causative agents in pneumonia; organisms previously identified as nonmotile strains of Aerobacter aerogenes are now placed in this species; it is the type species of K.Friedländer's bacillus, pneumobacillus;
K. pneumo´niae subsp. ozae´nae K. ozaenae
K. rhinosclero´matis a species found in cases of rhinoscleroma.



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kleeblattschädel kleeblattschädel (kla-blat-she´dl)
See cloverleaf skull syndrome. [Ger. cloverleaf skull]



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Kleffner Kleffner
See Landau-Kleffner syndrome.



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Kleihauer Kleihauer
See Kleihauer's stain, Betke-Kleihauer test.



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Klein Klein
Edward E., Hungarian histologist, 1844-1925. See K.'s muscle; K.-Gumprecht shadow nuclei, under nucleus.



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Kleine Kleine
Willi, 20th century German neuropsychiatrist. See K.-Levin syndrome.



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kleptolagnia kleptolagnia (klep-to-lag´ne-a)
Erotic feelings induced by stealing. [G. klepto, to steal, + lagneia, lust, coition]



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kleptomania kleptomania (klep-to-ma´ne-a)
A disorder of impulse control characterized by a morbid tendency to steal. [G. klepto, to steal, + mania, insanity]



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kleptomaniac kleptomaniac (klep-to-ma´ne-ak)
A person exhibiting kleptomania.



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kleptophobia kleptophobia (klep-to-fo´be-a)
Morbid fear of stealing or of becoming a thief. [G. klepto, to steal, + phobos, fear]



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Klinefelter Klinefelter
Harry F., Jr., U.S. physician, *1912. See K.'s syndrome.



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Klinger-Ludwig acid-thionin stain for sex chromatin Klinger-Ludwig acid-thionin stain for sex chromatin
See under stain.



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Klippel Klippel
Maurice, French neurologist, 1858-1942. See K.-Feil syndrome; K.-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome.



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Klumpke Klumpke
See Dejerine-K.



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Klüver Klüver
Heinrich, German-born U.S. neurologist, *1897. See K.-Barrera Luxol fast blue stain; K.-Bucy syndrome.



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Kluyvera Kluyvera (klooy-ver´ah)
Newly named genus of Enterobacteriaceae.



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Knapp Knapp
Herman J., U.S. ophthalmologist, 1832-1911. See K.'s streaks, under streak, striae, under stria.



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Knaus Knaus
Hermann, Austrian gynecologist, *1892. See Ogino-K. rule.



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knee knee (ne)
1. genu (1) 2. Any structure of angular shape resembling a flexed knee. [A.S. cneow]
Brodie's k. chronic hypertrophic synovitis of the k.Brodie's disease (1);
capped k. swelling of the bursa of the extensor metacarpi magnus muscle in cattle, usually caused by injury to the carpus in getting up and down on hard floors.
housemaid's k. an adventitious occupational bursitis occurring over the tibial tuberosity, the area of contact when kneeling; not to be confused with infrapatellar bursitis.prepatellar bursitis;
locked k. a condition in which the k. lacks full extension and flexion because of internal derangement, usually the result of a torn medial meniscus.



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kneecap kneecap (ne´kap)
patella



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Knemidokoptes Knemidokoptes (ne´mi-do-kop´tez)
A genus of microscopic burrowing sarcoptid mites that infect fowl and caged birds; species include K. laevis var. gallinae, the depluming mite, and K. mutans, the scaly leg mite. [G. kneme, leg, + kopto, to cut]



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KNF model KNF model
Abbreviation for Koshland-Némethy-Filmer model.



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Kniest Kniest
Wilhelm, 20th century German pediatrician. See K. syndrome.



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knife knife, pl. knives (nIf, nIvz)
A cutting instrument used in surgery and dissection. [M.E. knif, fr. A.S. cnif, fr. O. Norse knIfr]
amputation k. a broad-bladed k. used primarily for transecting large muscles during major amputations.
Beer's k. a triangular k. with a sharp point and one sharp edge, formerly used for incision for cataract.
cartilage k. chondrotome
cautery k. a k. that sears while cutting, to diminish bleeding.
chemical k. term sometimes used for restriction endonuclease.
electrode k. a blade-shaped electrical instrument used to cut tissues by means of a high-frequency electrical current.
fistula k. fistulatome
free-hand k. a manually operated k. or blade usually used to take split-thickness skin grafts; e.g., Blair-Brown k., Humby k., Theirsh k.
gamma ray k. a beam of high energy x-rays. See radiosurgery.
Goldman-Fox knives a set of knives used in periodontal surgery.
Graefe's k. a narrow-bladed k. used in making a section of the cornea.
hernia k. a slender bladed k., with short cutting edge, for dividing the constricting tissues at the mouth of the hernial sac.herniotome;
Humby k. a k. with a roller and a calibration device to cut skin grafts of different thickness.
Joseph k. a k. for use in rhinoplasty to separate the overlying skin from the nasal dorsum.
Kirkland k. a heart-shaped k. used in gingival surgery.
lenticular k. a scraper resembling a sharp spoon.
Liston's knives long-bladed knives of various sizes used in amputations.
Merrifield k. a long, narrow, triangularly shaped k. used in gingival surgery.
valvotomy k. a k. used in mitral or venous valvular surgery; also called valvulotome.



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knismogenic knismogenic (nis´mo-jen´ik)
Causing a tickling sensation. [G. knismos, tickling, + -gen, production]



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knismolagnia knismolagnia (nis-mo-lag´ne-a)
Sexual gratification from the act of tickling. [G. knismos, tickling, + lagneia, lust]



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knitting knitting (nit´ing)
Nonmedical term denoting the process of union of the fragments of a broken bone or of the edges of a wound. [M.E., knitten, to knot, fr. A.S. cnyttan]



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knob knob (nob)
A protuberance; a mass; a nodule.
aortic k. the prominent shadow of the aortic arch on a frontal chest radiograph.
Engelmann's basal k.'s obsolete eponym for blepharoplast.
malarial k.'s rounded protrusions of a red blood cell infected with Plasmodium falciparum, responsible for the adhesion of infected red cells to one another and to the endothelium of the blood vessels containing these infected cells; results in capillary blockage responsible for much of the pathology of malignant tertian malaria.



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knock knock (nok)
1. Colloquialism for a blow, especially a blow to the head. 2. A sound simulating that of a blow or rap.
pericardial k. an early diastolic sound analogous to the normal third heart sound, but occurring somewhat earlier, due to rapid ventricular filling being abruptly halted by the restricting pericardium; a truly "knocking" quality is uncommon.



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knock-knee knock-knee (nok´ne)
genu valgum



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Knoll Knoll
Philipp, Bohemian physiologist, 1841-1900. See K.'s glands, under gland.



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Knoop Knoop
Hedwig, German physician, *1908. See K.'s theory.



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Knoop hardness number (KHN) Knoop hardness number (KHN)
See under number.



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knot knot (not)
1. An intertwining of the ends of two cords, tapes, sutures, etc. in such a way that they cannot spontaneously become separated; or a similar twining or infolding of a cord in its continuity. 2. In anatomy or pathology, a node, ganglion, or circumscribed swelling suggestive of a k. [A.S. cnotta]
false k.'s , false k.'s of umbilical cord local increases in length or varicosity of the umbilical vein, causing markedly apparent twisting of the cord.
granny k. a double k. in which the free ends of the second loop are asymmetric and not in the same plane as the free ends of the first loop.
Hensen's k. primitive node
Hubrecht's protochordal k. primitive node
laparoscopic k. a k. placed intracorporally through a laparoscopic instrument. The k. itself may be tied extracorporally and passed into the body through a cannula or the k. may be both placed and tied intracorporally.
net k. karyosome
primitive k. primitive node
protochordal k. primitive node
surgeon's k. the first loop of the k. has two throws rather than a single throw. The second loop has only one throw and that is placed in a square knot fashion leaving the free ends in the same plane as the first loop.
syncytial k. a localized aggregation of syncytiotrophoblastic nuclei in the villi of the placenta during early pregnancy.syncytial bud, syncytial sprout;
true k. , true k. of umbilical cord actual intertwining of a segment of umbilical cord; circulation is usually not obstructed.
vital k. noeud vital



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knuckle knuckle (nuk´l)
1. A joint of a finger when the fist is closed, especially a metacarpophalangeal joint. 2. A kink or loop of intestine, as in a hernia. [M.E. knokel]
aortic k. the contour of the aortic arch protruding from the mediastinal silhouette in an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of the chest.
cervical aortic k. an anomalous aortic arch in which the aorta extends into the neck and forms an anteroposterior arch, which may be as high as the hyoid bone; the common carotid artery of one side is given off from the summit of the arch, and the common carotid of the other side arises from the more proximal part of the aorta; the pulsating arch may be mistaken for an aneurysm, but the radial pulses are equal.



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knuckling knuckling (nuk´ling)
Talipes in the horse, caused by a contraction of the posterior fetlock tendons.



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Kobelt Kobelt
Georg L., German physician, 1804-1857. See K.'s tubules, under tubule.



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Kober Kober
Philip A., U.S. chemist, *1884. See K. test.



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Kober test Kober test
See under test.



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Köbner Köbner
H., German dermatologist, 1838-1904. See K.'s phenomenon.



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Koch Koch
Robert, German bacteriologist and Nobel laureate, 1843-1910. See K.'s bacillus, blue bodies, under body, law, old tuberculin, phenomenon, postulates, under postulate; K.-Weeks bacillus.



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Koch Koch
Walter, German surgeon, *1880. See K.'s node, triangle.



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Kocher Kocher
E. Theodor, Swiss surgeon and Nobel laureate, 1841-1917. See K. clamp; K.'s incision, sign; K.-Debré-Sémélaigne syndrome.



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Kock Kock
Nils G., 20th century Swedish surgeon. See K. pouch.



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Koenen's tumor Koenen's tumor
See under tumor.



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Koenig Koenig
Franz, German surgeon, 1832-1910. See K.'s syndrome.



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Koerber Koerber
H., 20th century German ophthalmologist.



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Koerber-Salus-Elschnig syndrome Koerber-Salus-Elschnig syndrome
See under syndrome.



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Koerte Koerte
Werner, German surgeon, 1853-1937. See K.-Ballance operation.



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Koettstorfer Koettstorfer
J., 19th century German chemist. See K. number.



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Koettstorfer number Koettstorfer number
See under number.



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Kogoj Kogoj
Franz, Yugoslavian physician, *1894. See spongiform pustule of K.



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Köhler Köhler
Alban, German roentgenologist, 1874-1947. See K.'s disease.



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Köhler Köhler
August, German microscopist, 1866-1948. See K. illumination.



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Kohlrausch Kohlrausch
Otto L.B., German physician, 1811-1854. See K.'s muscle, valves, under valve.



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Kohn Kohn
Hans N., German pathologist, *1866. See K.'s pores, under pore.



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Kohnstamm Kohnstamm
Oskar, German physician, 1871-1917. See K.'s phenomenon.



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koilocyte koilocyte (koy´lo-sIt)
A squamous cell, often binucleated, showing a perinuclear halo; characteristic of condyloma acuminatum. [G. koilos, hollow, + kytos, cell]



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koilocytosis koilocytosis (koy´lo-sI-to´sis)
Perinuclear vacuolation. See also koilocyte. [G. koilos, hollow, + kytos, cell, + -osis, condition]



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koilonychia koilonychia (koy-lo-nik´e-a)
A malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave; often associated with iron deficiency or softening by occupational contact with oils.celonychia, spoon nail; [G. koilos, hollow, + onyx (onych-), nail]



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koilosternia koilosternia (koy-lo-ster´ne-a)
pectus excavatum [G. koilos, hollow, + sternon, chest (sternum)]



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Kojewnikoff Kojewnikoff , Kozhevnikov
Aleksei Y., Russian neurologist, 1836-1902. See K.'s epilepsy.



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kojic acid kojic acid (ko´jik)
5-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-pyranone;an antibiotic product of d-glucose catabolism in some molds; can be converted into flavor enhancers.



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kola kola (ko´la)
The dried cotyledons of Cola nitida or other species of Cola (family Sterculiaceae) which contains caffeine, theobromine, and a soluble principle, colatin; used as a cardiac and central nervous system stimulant.cola (1);



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Kölliker Kölliker
Rudolph A. von, Swiss histologist, 1817-1905. See K.'s layer, reticulum.



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Kollmann Kollmann
Arthur, 19th century German urologist. See K.'s dilator.



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Kolmer Kolmer
John A., U.S. pathologist, 1886-1962. See K. test.



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Kolopp Kolopp
P., 20th century French dermatologist. See Woringer-K. disease.



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kolp- kolp-
See colpo-.



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kolytic kolytic (ko-lit´ik)
Denoting an inhibitory action. [G. kolyo, to hinder]



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Kondoleon Kondoleon
Emmanuel, Greek surgeon, 1879-1939. See K. operation.



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koniocortex koniocortex (ko´ne-o-kor´teks)
Regions of the cerebal cortex characterized by a particularly well developed inner granular layer (layer 4); this type of cerebral cortex is represented by the primary sensory area 17 of the visual cortex, areas 1 to 3 of the somatic sensory cortex, and area 41 of the auditory cortex. See also cerebral cortex. [G. konis, dust, + L. cortex, bark]



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Koplik Koplik
Henry, U.S. physician, 1858-1927. See K.'s spots, under spot.



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kopophobia kopophobia (kop-o-fo´be-a)
Morbid fear of fatigue. [G. kopos, fatigue, + phobos, fear]



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kopro- kopro-
See copro-.



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Korff Korff
Karl von, 20th century German anatomist and histologist. See K.'s fibers, under fiber.



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Kornberg Kornberg
A., U.S. biochemist and Nobel laureate, *1918. See K. enzyme.



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Kornzweig Kornzweig
Abraham L., U.S. physician, *1900. See Bassen-K. syndrome.



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koro koro (ko´ro)
An acute delusional state occurring in Macassars, natives of the Celebes and other parts of the East, in which the subject experiences a sensation that his penis is shriveling or is being drawn into the abdomen.shook jong;



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koronion koronion (ko-ro´ne-on)
coronion



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Korotkoff Korotkoff
Nikolai S., Russian physician, 1874-1920. See K. sounds, under sound; K.'s test.



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Korsakoff Korsakoff
Sergei S., Russian neurologist, 1853-1900. See K.'s psychosis, syndrome; Wernicke-K. encephalopathy, syndrome.



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Koshland Koshland
Daniel E., U.S. biochemist, *1920. See Adair-K.-Némethy-Filmer model; K.-Némethy-Filmer model.



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Kossa Kossa
See von Kossa.



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Koyanagi Koyanagi
Yosizo, Japanese ophthalmologist, 1880-1954. See Vogt-K. syndrome.



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Koyter Koyter
See Coiter.



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Kr Kr
Symbol for krypton.



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Krabbe Krabbe
Knud H., Danish neurologist, 1885-1961. See K.'s disease; Christensen-K. disease.



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krait krait (krIt)
Elapid snakes of the genus Bungaris, found in northern India, whose bite is associated with generalized anesthetic and paralytic effects, as opposed to local pain, discoloration, or edema; neurotoxic symptoms are similar to those induced by cobra venom. [Hindi karait]



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kra-kra kra-kra
craw-craw



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Krantz Krantz
Kermit E., U.S. obstetrician-gynecologist, *1923. See Marshall-Marchetti-K. operation.



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Kraske Kraske
Paul, German surgeon, 1851-1930. See K.'s operation.



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kraurosis vulvae kraurosis vulvae (kraw-ro´sis vul´ve)
Atrophy and shrinkage of the epithelium of the vagina and vulva, often accompanied by a chronic inflammatory reaction in the deeper tissues, as in lichen sclerosus.leukokraurosis; [G. krauros, dry, brittle]



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Krause Krause
Wilhelm J.F., German anatomist, 1833-1910. See K.'s bone, end bulbs, under bulb, respiratory bundle, valve.



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Krause Krause
Karl F.T., German anatomist, 1797-1868. See K.'s glands, under gland, ligament, muscle.



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Krause Krause
Fedor, German surgeon, 1857-1937. See K. graft; K.'s method; Wolfe-K. graft.



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krebiozen krebiozen (kre´be-oz´en)
An extract from peach kernels, the composition of which has not been fully described but which gained notoriety in the 1960's and 1970's as a dubious but exploited remedy for cancer; currently not regarded as effective. [Ger. Krebs, crab, cancer]



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Krebs Krebs
Sir Hans Adolph, German biochemist in England and Nobel laureate, 1900-1981. See K. cycle; K.-Henseleit cycle; K.-Ringer solution.



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Kretschmann Kretschmann
Friederich, German otologist, 1858-1934. See K.'s space.



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Kreysig Kreysig
Friedrich L., German physician, 1770-1839. See K.'s sign; Heim-K. sign.



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kringle kringle (krin´gle)
A structural motif or domain seen in certain proteins in which a fold of large loops is stabilized by disulfide bonds; an important structural feature in blood coagulation factors. [Ger. Kringel, curl]



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Krogh Krogh
August, Danish physiologist and Nobel laureate, 1874-1949. See K. spirometer.



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Kromayer Kromayer
Ernst L.F., German dermatologist, 1862-1933. See K.'s lamp.



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Kronecker Kronecker
Karl H., Swiss physiologist, 1839-1914. See K.'s stain.



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Krönig Krönig
Georg, German physician, 1856-1911. See K.'s isthmus, steps, under step.



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Krönlein Krönlein
Rudolf U., Swiss surgeon, 1847-1910. See K. operation; K.'s hernia.



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Krueger instrument stop Krueger instrument stop
See under instrument.



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Krukenberg Krukenberg
Friedrich, German pathologist, 1871-1946. See K.'s amputation, spindle, tumor.



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Krukenberg Krukenberg
Adolph, German anatomist, 1816-1877. See K.'s veins, under vein.



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Kruse Kruse
Walther, German bacteriologist, 1864-1943. See K.'s brush; Shiga-Kruse bacillus.



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krymo- krymo- , kryo-
See crymo-, cryo-.



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krypton (Kr) krypton (Kr) (krip´ton)
One of the inert gases, present in small amounts in the atmosphere (1.14 ppm by dry volume); atomic no. 36, atomic wt. 83.80; 85Kr (half-life of 10.73 years) has been used in studies of cardiac abnormalities. [G. kryptos, concealed]



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17-KS 17-KS
Abbreviation for 17-ketosteroids.



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KUB KUB
Abbreviation for kidneys, ureters, bladder; archaic term for a plain frontal supine radiograph of the abdomen.



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kubisagari kubisagari , kubisagaru (ku-bi-sah-gah´re, ku-bi-sah-gah´ru)
vestibular neuronitis [Jap. kubi, head, neck, + sagaru, to hang down]



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Kufs Kufs
H., German psychiatrist, 1871-1955. See K. disease.



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Kugelberg Kugelberg
Eric, Swedish neurologist, 1913-1983. See K.-Welander disease; Wohlfart-K.-Welander disease.



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Kugel's anastomotic artery Kugel's anastomotic artery
See under artery.



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Kühne Kühne
Wilhelm (Willy) F., German physiologist and histologist, 1837-1900. See K.'s fiber, methylene blue, phenomenon, plate, spindle.



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Kuhnt Kuhnt
Hermann, German ophthalmologist, 1850-1925. See K.'s spaces, under space; K.-Junius degeneration, disease.



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Kulchitsky Kulchitsky
Nicholas, Russian histologist, 1856-1925. See K. cells, under cell.



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Külz Külz
Rudolph E., German physician, 1845-1895. See K.'s cylinder.



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Kümmell Kümmell
Hermann, German surgeon, 1852-1937. See K.'s spondylitis.



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Küntscher Küntscher
Gerhard, German surgeon, 1902-1972. See K. nail.



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Kupffer Kupffer
Karl W. von, German anatomist, 1829-1902. See K. cells, under cell.



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kurchi bark kurchi bark (ker´che)
conessi



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Kurloff Kurloff
Mikhail G., Russian physician, 1859-1932. See K.'s bodies, under body.



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Kürsteiner Kürsteiner , Kuersteiner
W., 19th century German anatomist. See K.'s canals, under canal.



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kurtosis kurtosis (kur-to´sis)
The extent to which a unimodal distribution is peaked. [G., an arching]



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kuru kuru (ku´ru)
A progressive, fatal form of spongiform encephalopathy endemic to certain Melanesian tribes in the highlands of New Guinea, initially attributed to a "slow virus" infection, but now known to be caused by prions. Transmission is believed to be effected by contamination and ingestion during ritual cannabalism. See prion. [native dialect, to shiver from fear or cold]



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Kurzrok-Ratner test Kurzrok-Ratner test
See under test.



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Kussmaul Kussmaul
Adolph, German physician, 1822-1902. See K. respiration; K.'s aphasia, coma, disease, paradoxical pulse, sign, symptom; K.-Kien respiration; K.'s pulse.



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Küster Küster
Herman, early 20th century German gynecologist. See Mayer-Rokitansky-K.-Hauser syndrome; Rokitansky-K.-Hauser syndrome.



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Küstner Küstner
Heinz, German gynecologist, *1897. See Prausnitz-K. antibody, reaction; reversed K. reaction.



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kv kv
Abbreviation for kilovolt.



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Kveim Kveim
Morton A., Norwegian physician, *1892. See K. antigen, test; K.-Stilzbach antigen, test; Nickerson-K. test.



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kVp kVp
Abbreviation for kilovolts peak, the highest instantaneous energy across an x-ray tube, corresponding to the highest energy x-rays emitted.



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kwashiorkor kwashiorkor (kwah-she-or´kor)
A disease seen originally in African natives, particularly children one to three years old, due to dietary deficiency, particularly of protein; characterized by marked hypoalbuminemia, anemia, edema, pot belly, depigmentation of the skin, loss of hair or change in hair color to red, and bulky stools containing undigested food; fatty changes in the cells of the liver, atrophy of the acinar cells of the pancreas, and hyalinization of the renal glomeruli are found postmortem.infantile pellagra, malignant malnutrition; [Native, red boy or displaced child]
marasmic k. severe protein-calorie malnutrition characterized by extreme weight loss, weakness, and features of k.



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ky- ky-
For words beginning thus and not found below, see cy-.



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kyllosis kyllosis (kil-o´sis)
Obsolete term for talipes. [G. kyllosis, a crippling]



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kymatism kymatism (kI´ma-tizm)
myokymia [G. kyma, wave]



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kymogram kymogram (kI´mo-gram)
The graphic curve made by a kymograph.



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kymograph kymograph (kI´mo-graf)
An instrument for recording wavelike motions or modulation, especially for recording variations in blood pressure; it consists of a drum usually revolved by clockwork and covered with smoked paper upon which the curve is inscribed by a stylet or other writing point. [G. kyma, wave, + grapho, to record]



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kymography kymography (kI-mog´ra-fe)
Use of the kymograph.



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kymoscope kymoscope (kI´mo-skop)
An apparatus once used for measuring the pulse waves, or the variation in blood pressure. [G. kyma, wave, + skopeo, to regard]



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kynurenic acid kynurenic acid (kin-yu-re´nik, -ren´ik)
4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid;a product of the metabolism of l-tryptophan; appears in human urine in states of marked pyridoxine deficiency.



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kynureninase kynureninase (kI-nu-ren´i-nas)
A liver enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of the l-kynurenine side chain, with the formation of anthranilic acid and l-alanine, in l-tryptophan metabolism.



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kynurenine kynurenine (kI-nu´re-nen, -nin)
3-Anthraniloylalanine;a product of the metabolism of l-tryptophan, excreted in the urine in small amounts.
k. formamidase formamidase
k. 3-hydroxylase k. 3-monooxygenase
k. 3-monooxygenase an enzyme catalyzing addition of a 3-OH to l-kynurenine, with the aid of NADPH and O2, producing 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine, NADP+, and water; a step in the catabolism of l-tryptophan.k. 3-hydroxylase;



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kyphos kyphos (kI´fos)
A hump, the convex prominence in kyphosis. [G.]



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kyphoscoliosis kyphoscoliosis (kI´fo-sko-le-o´sis)
Kyphosis combined with scoliosis; severe congestive heart failure is not infrequently a late complication.



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kyphosis kyphosis (kI-fo´sis)
A deformity of the spine characterized by extensive flexion. [G. kyphosis, hump-back, fr. kyphos, bent, hump-backed]
juvenile k. Scheuermann's disease



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kyphotic kyphotic (kI-fot´ik)
Relating to or suffering from kyphosis.



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kyphotone kyphotone (kI´fo-ton)
A brace for use in tuberculosis of the spine. [G. kyphos, hump, + tonos, brace]



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Kyrle Kyrle
J., German dermatologist, 1880-1926. See K.'s disease.



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kyto- kyto-
See cyto-.



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